Overview of Smart Grid Communications

1. Overview of Smart Grid
Communications
ARULKUMAR A, Assistant Professor, Mechatronics Engineering,
Kamaraj College of Engg & Tech.

2.  What is a Protocol?
 Models of Communication
 Brief Introduction on Networking
 How WhatsApp Communicate?
 Communication Mediums used in Smart Grid
 Protocols Used in Smart Grid
 Gateways & Data Aggregators
 Typical Advanced Metering Infrastructure
April 7, 2020
Agenda

3. April 7, 2020
How we learn a Language ?
Identify the Object
(Noun)
Action on the Object
(verb)
Communicate

4. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Protocol)
Identify the information
In the device (data
modelling)
Action on the data
(Services)
Communication
Medium
Data Type Information Address
Digital
Supply ON 0001
Supply OFF 0002
Analog
Real Power 0003
Reactive Power 0004
Counter
Real Power Import 0005
Real Power Export 0006
Control
Trip Command 0007
Close Command 0008
Get Data Request
@ 0004
Set Data Request
@ 0008 to 1
Get Data Response
-0.83 Kvar
Set Data Response
close

5. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Connectivity)
HMI Smart Meter
RS 485 Daisy Chain
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3

6. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Request Response)
HMI Smart Meter
RS 485 Daisy Chain
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
HMI SM
Connect @ 1
1: Connect ACK
Get Data @ 1 @ 0002
1: High
Request
Response
Request
Response

7. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Communication Model)
HMI
ID:1
ID:2
1
0
1
0 0
1 1
0
1
0
1 1 1
0
0
1
0
11
00
1
1 1
Smart Meter
Data Sent from SM 2
Data received at HMI
Data Sent from SM 1

8. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Communication Model)
HMI
ID:1
ID:2
1
0
1
0 0
1 1
0
1
0
1 1 1
0
0
1
0
11
00
1
1 1
Smart Meter
Data received at HMI
Collison occurs at the
HMI, when more than
2 meters communicate
at the same time

9. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Master Slave)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
Master controls the
medium – No Collison
Master polls slave one
by one and hence only
one slave can send the
data at a time

10. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Master Slave Disadvantages)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
Hello, I have a data
change, poll me !!!
Currently master getting
data from meter 3
No Instantaneous data
available at the master.

11. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Medium Access Control)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
HUB
MAC 1
MAC Address:
00-15-17-1E-59-3D
First 3 octets represents
a organization (Intel)
MAC 2
MAC 4
MAC 3

12. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Contents of Packet)

13. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Packet Transmission)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
HUB
MAC 1
MAC 2
MAC 4
MAC 3
Packet Sent from Smart
Meter 1 to HMI
Source MAC1
Destination MAC4

14. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Packet Transmission)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
HUB
MAC 1
MAC 2
MAC 4
MAC 3
Packet Sent from Smart
Meter 1 to HMI will be
received by Smart Meter
2 & 3 as well and gets
discarded
Source MAC1
Destination MAC4

15. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Packet Transmission)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
HUB
MAC 1
MAC 2
MAC 4
MAC 3
OMG! I am getting lot of junk
data and need to perform lot
of discard
Source MAC1
Destination MAC4

16. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Packet Transmission)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
Bridge
MAC 1
MAC 2
MAC 4
MAC 3
MAC Address table
Port 1: MAC 4
Port 3: MAC 3
Port 5: MAC 2
Port 8: MAC 1

17. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Packet Transmission)
Master Slave
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
MAC 1
MAC 2
MAC 4
MAC 3
Packets are routed only to the
destination device
BRIDGE
Source MAC1
Destination MAC4

18. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Server Client)
Client Server
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
Server : Devices Sending the
data
Client: Devices Receiving the
data
BRIDGE

19. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Communication Methods)
Client Server
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
BRIDGE
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
I need to send the same data
twice for two clients

20. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Multicast)
Client Server
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
BRIDGE
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
Yes ! I will send to Multicast
Destination
Multicast MAC: 01-0C-CD-1E-
59-3D
If the MAC address starts with
01 octet, then it is a Multicast
packet

21. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Packet Transmission Method)
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

22. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Networking)
Client Server
ID:1
ID:2
ID:3
BRIDGE
MAC
MAC
MAC
MAC
What happens if the
bridge fails

23. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Ring Topology)
Other Topologies: Tree, Mesh, PRP and HSR

24. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Local Area Network)
LAN A

25. April 7, 2020
How Machine talk ? (Wide Area Network)
LAN A LAN B
Router

26. April 7, 2020
Cellular
Network
Modem
ISP
Internet WhatsApp
Servers
GSMGPRS
Wi- FiRJ45
Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber
eXtensible
Messaging and
Presence
Protocol
(XMPP)
Optical Fiber
Li- Fi
Zig Bee
Bluetooth
Radio
Frequency
Near Filed
RS 232
RS 485
PLC
How WhatsApp Communicate

27. Telecommunication Media - PLC
Communication Over Power Line
Analog ,Lower Bandwidth, Economic
April 7, 2020
Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Analog
Modem
Daisy Chain Analog
Modem

28. Telecommunication Media - OPGW
Optical Fiber Ground wire
Digital, Higher bandwidth
April 7, 2020
Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
RouterDaisy Chain Router

29. Telecommunication Media -GPRS
Uses the same technology as our mobile does to exchange data
Digital , High Bandwidth, Costly
April 7, 2020
Smart Meter OR
Data Concentrator
GPRS
MODEM
(SIM CARD
2G/3G)
GPRS
MODEM
(SIM CARD
2G/3G)
Distribution
Operations Apps
GPRS
PROVIDER
RS232/
RS485

30. Telecommunication Media – RF Mesh
Radio Frequency mesh Formation
Analog, Higher Bandwidth, reliable
April 7, 2020
Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter

31. Telecommunication Media – IoT
It is estimated that 100 billion devices are connected with internet
April 7, 2020
Smart
Meter
Distribution
Operations Apps
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Smart
Meter
Internet

32. Smart Grid Applications
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure
DMS: Distribution Managements System
DERMS: Distributed Energy Resource Management System
DRMS: Demand Response Management System
OMS: Outage Management System
EMS: Energy Management system
WAMS: Wide Area Management System
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning
MMS: Markets Management System
April 7, 2020

33. April 7, 2020
Smart Grid Protocols
Smart
Applian
ces
Smart
Meter
BMS
PLC
RTU,
IED,
(DER)
Micro
Grid
Controll
er
RTU,
IED
D SCADA
IED
Substation
Automation
System
PMU
EMS WAMS DRMSOMS DERMS AMI
MMS
HVDC, FACTS
CONTROLLER
DMS
Generation
Controller
Plant Control
System
ERP
DLMS/ COSEM
BACNETIEC 61850
IEC 61850
MODBUS
OPEN ADR
IEC 60870-6
C37.118
IEC 61970 IEC 61968
Generation Transmission Distribution DER Building Home

34. April 7, 2020
Gateway & Data Aggregators
ID:3
GATEWAY
Converts one protocol to
another

35. Typical AMI Network
April 7, 2020
AMI HEAD
END
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
Data
Concentrator
Data
Concentrator
Data
Concentrator
Internet
GPRS
Optical
Fiber
Inter
net