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1. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING
AMERICAN REGIME

2. A. Content
Standard
Understand appreciate the elements and context of the
21st century Philippine literature during American
regime.
B.
Performance
standard
Compare and contrast the influence of culture and
tradition in its standard form and themes on Philippine
literature during Spanish and American regime.
C. Learning
Competency
Identify various works in poetry and prose at the time of
American colonization in the Philippines.

3.  More than 300 years
 June 12, 1898- Independence day
 General Emelio Aguinaldo selected as the President
 Philippine- American war resulted in the defeat of Gen.
Miguel Malvar 1903.
 1900- beginning of the peace movement.

4. IN 1910
 Spanish, Tagalog, the vernaculars and English
were medium used in literature.
 Spanish writers won’t write about Nationalism
 Tagalog writers continued in their lamentations on the
the conditions of the country and their attempts to
to arouse love for one’s native tongue.
 English writers imitated the themes and methods
of Americans.

5. Novels
news
Repor-
ting
Poetry
Stories
Plays
Essays

6. Love of
country
Longings for
Independence

7. IN 1920
Paz Marquez Benitez – short story
writer, educator and editor
 DEAD STARS
a model of perfection in character
delineation, local color, plot and
message.

8. 1933
Jose Garcia Villa
 FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH
- A comma poet, literary
critic, short story writer
and painter
- 1973 as National artist in
Philippine Literature

9. Manuel Estabilla Arguilla
 Ilokano English, patriot, &
martyr
 Known for hos anthologized
short story “How my Brother
Leon Brought home a wife”

10. News Paper
 EL NUEVO DIA (THE NEW DAY)
Established by Sergio Osmeña in 1900
 EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (THE CALL OF THE NATION)
By Pascual Poblete 1900
 EL RENACIEMENTO ( THE REBIRTH)
Publish on September 03, 1901
by Rafael Palma in 1900.

11. PLAYS
KAHAPON NGAYON AT BUKAS by: Aurelio Tolentino
 TINIKALANG GINTO by: Juan Abad
 MALAYA by: Thomas Remegio
 WALANG SUGAT by: Severino Reyes

12. NOVELS
1. Filipino Rebel – Maximo Kalaw
2. His native soil- Juan C. Laya
ESSAY:
Literature and Society- Salvador P. Lopez

14. Identify Element and form of various works in Literature at
the time of American colonization in the Philippines.
1. The call of a nation
2. The dead star.
3. Kahapon ngayon at Bukas
4. How my brother Leon brought home a wife
5. His native Soil
6. EL Renaciemento
7. Malaya
8. Filipino Rebel
9. Footnote to youth
10. Literature and Society.

15. Write close analysis and critical
interpretation of a literary text
 Tinikalang Ginto vs. walang sugat

16. Create a news report on the
price inflation of commodities in
the Philippines

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF LITERATURE
A. LITERATURE IN SPANISH
a. Cecilio Apostol “A RIZAL” an is considered as the best
poem in praise of the hero of Bagumbayan
b. Fernando Ma. Guerero- collected the best poem called
CRISALIDAS, and one of the poems written in this book was
“INVOCACION RIZAL”
C. Jesus Balmori- Pen name “BATIKULING” w/ Manuel
Bernabe participated in a debate on the topic” OVIDO”
means REMEMBRANCE AND FORGETFULNESS”. Elected as
Poet Laureate in Spanish.

18. d. Manuel Bernabe- a lyric poet. He was more attractive to
the public w/ Balmori because of the melodious words he
used. He defended “OLVIDO’
e. CLARO M. RECTO- Collected his poems in a book entitled
“BAJO LOS COCOTEROS”. One of his writings dedicated to
Rizal is “ANTE EL MARTIR”

24. C. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
A. THE PERIOD OF REORIENTAION (1898- 1910
• English as literary vehicle in August 13, 1898
• by 1900 English became to be used as medium
of instruction in the public school
• 1908, primary and intermediate grades were using
English in higher education was founded.

25. B. THE PERIOD OF IMITATION
 1919, The UP College Folio published literary
compositions of the first Filipino writers in English.
They were the pioneers in the short story writing

26. C. PERIOD OF SELF DISCOVERY AND GROWTH (1926-1941)
• Filipinos acquired mastery of English Writing