This presentation serves to cover basic aspects of parkinson ideal for revision and making Flash Cards. Pathophysiology of Parkinson disease is made easy

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2. DEFINITION
• Parkinson is a progressive
neurodegenerative disorder in which
dopamine producing neurons of
substantia nigra of basal ganglia
degenerate
• In easy words in Parkinson dopamine
is not sufficiently produced due to
death od dopamine producing
neurons in Substantia Nigra
• Dopamine is a primary neuro
transmitter that inhibits GABA ( GABA
is a neurotransmitter that has an
excitory effect on skeletal muscles )
• Parkinson is a neurological disorder
that affects movement causing
slowness of speech, bradykinesia,
dyskinesia, abnormal parkinsinion

3. Ideopathic
genetic
Atherosclerosis in
brain blood supply Head trauma
virus
Anti Psychotic
medication
Who gets Parkinson’s disease?
About 50% more men than
women get Parkinson’s
disease. It is most commonly
seen in persons 60 years of
age and older. However, up to
10% of patients are diagnosed
before age 50.
About 60,000 new cases of
Parkinson’s disease are
diagnosed in the United
States each year.
Is Parkinson’s disease
inherited?.
a gene mutation in people
with Parkinson’s disease
whose brains contain Lewy
bodies, which are clumps of
the protein alpha-synuclein.
Several other gene mutations
have been found to play a
role in Parkinson’s disease.
Mutations in these genes
cause abnormal cell
functioning, which affects the
nerve cells’ ability to release
dopamine and causes nerve
cell death.

4. ©copyright anurag joseph
COLOR STRUCTURE
CORTEX
BASAL
GANGLIA
SUBSTANTIA
NIAGRA
Frontal cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Thalamus
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Skeletal Muscle
Basal ganglia
Glutamate is primary neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine is primary neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine is primary neurotransmitter
GABA
Which stimulate
skeletal muscle
DOPAMINE IS PRODUCED HERE
Which inhibit s GABA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
In Parkinson Substantia Nigra is affected
And dopamine producing neurons are
destroyed
Due to which GABA is increased which
causes symptoms of parkinson

5. Resting hand tremors
Hand Rigidity
Hypertonia
Unable to Pincer grasp
Parkinson shuffling gait
Aphasia
Hypophonia
Dysphasia
Dysphagia