Parkinson disease Huntington

1. Parkinson's Disease
A progressive neurodegenerative
disease that affects movement due
damage of dopaminergic neurons.

2. Shakiness
• Stiffness
• Slowed movements
• Balance issues

3. Are Lewy bodies a cause or effect
of Parkinson's Disease?
The Cause Is Still a Mystery
Most cases are idiopathic, 15 % of
cases have a genetic link.

8. Parkinsonism
Parkinsonism is a syndrome of
Parkinson symptoms,
however PD is not the only cause.

9. Primary parkinsonism
Secondary parkinsonism

10. Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Dopaminergic medications
(Levodopa) that
can cross the blood-brain barrier
and can help
reduce symptoms
• Converted into dopamine in CNS
(as well as NE and Epi)
• Also converted in PNS where it
can cause
adverse side affects
• Coadministered with Dopa
decarboxylase
inhibitor (DDCI) – Carbidopa

11. Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a
surgical option.
• Electrodes inserted into substantia
nigra
• Pulse generator delivers electrical
impulses.
Stem cell based therapies are
moving rapidly
towards clinical trials.

12. Huntington's Disease
Huntington's Disease is a
neurodegenerative genetic
disease that also affects the
basal ganglia.
• Inability to prevent body
parts from moving
inappropriately

13. Juvenile onset, or between
30–50 years
• Mutant Huntingtin Protein
• Sticky glutamine tails

15. Symptoms of Huntington's Disease
Begins as a movement
disorder with initial
effects that are on the
basal ganglia
• Clumsiness
• Restlessness
• Occasional twitches
• Muscle spasms

16. As the disease
progresses, it becomes
harder to control motion.
• Walking
• Talking
• Performing tasks

17. In later stages, chorea
develops, dementia sets
in, and communication
becomes difficult.
• Uncontrollable
outburst

18. Mutant Huntingtin (mHTT)
Mutant Huntingtin (mHTT)
results in a multitude of effects
as it interacts with many other
proteins.
• Appears to be most toxic in
the brain
• Begins affecting the
striatum and its cortical
connections, but as it
progresses, other areas
are affected.
• mHTT forms clusters within
neurons.

20. Mutant Huntingtin (mHTT)
• Clusters stick to other
proteins interfering with
transcription.
• Causes mitochondrial
dysfunction, which in turn
activates caspase and
apoptosis
• Activates immune
response

22. Treatment of Huntington's Disease
Relieving symptoms Speech and
occupational
therapies Psychiatry
Tetrabenazine (xenazine)
can be effective in
reducing chorea.
Multidisciplinary team
approach