A Report on The Nature of Language including the History and Development of World Englishes

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THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE
INCLUDING THE HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD
ENGLISHES
Antonette S. Arranz

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This poem was nominated for
the Best Poem of 2005,
written by an African kid.

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When I born, I black.
When I grow up, I black.
When I go in the sun, I black.
When I scared, I black.
When I sick, I black.
And when I die, I still black.

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And you white fella,
When you born, you pink.
When you grow up, you white.
When you go in the sun, you red.
When you cold, you blue.
When you scared, you yellow.
When you sick, you green.
And when you die, you gray.
And you calling me COLORED?!

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The Nature of Language
What is Language?

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Human communication

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Social interaction

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A skill – something we do.
He speaks well but writes
badly.

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Knowledge – something we
know
I don’t know much Italian.

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A possession – something we
have/possess
I haven’t much French.

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A tool – something we use
What words can I use to
describe her?

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An event – something which
happens
I was in the office when the
conversation took place.

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A group identity – something
which transmits culture
It is only through our language
that we can truly express our
identity.

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An object – something which
we can describe
This language has a complex
structure.

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A living organism – something which is
born, lives and dies
Gradually a new language was born.
The 18th century saw a flowering of the
language.
That’s a dead language.

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System of
or

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Nature of Language
1. A combination of sounds

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2.

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Did you know that ‘set’ is the
word with the most number
of meanings?
Noun: 58
Verb: 126
Adjective: 10

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3. Language follows a
grammatical structure.

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4. Based on aural and oral
system.

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5. Can die and be extinct.

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Some reasons for the growth
and decline of language:
Changing societal needs
Erosion of old customs
Call for elegance

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Endangered language
Language loss
Dead language
Example : Ancient Greek
Latin

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Example: Yuchi

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Extinct language
573 extinct languages
http://linguistlist.org/forms/lan
gs/get-extinct.cfm

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Endangered language
https://www.theguardian.com/
news/datablog/2011/apr/15/lan
guage-extinct-endangered

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6. Can be diverse.

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The History and
Development of World
Englishes

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Global language
Lingua franca
Why is a global language
needed?

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World English: Englishes in
Convergence
Constructing the Speech
Community of World English

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World Englishes
Linguist Braj B. Kachru
(1992)

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Two Diasporal
Transportations:
1. Within the Inner Circle
2. Of the Outer and
Expanding Cirle

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Quirk (1988), language
spreads due to:
Demographical
Econocultural
Imperial factors

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Schneider (2011):
globalization
Crystal (2007): looking for
native languages to provide a
symbol for nationhood

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Mahboob (2009): English
spoken in Pakistan reflects
their cultural and Islamic
values

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The Nativisation Continuum of
World Englishes (NCWEs):
Diffusion
Induction
Customization
Native recognition

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IL Theory and World
Englishes Debate: Selinker
(1972, 1992)
Fossilization

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Study the examples in the
printouts.

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Conferences that moved the concept of
World Englishes:
1. East-West Culture Learning Institute,
Hawaii
2. Linguistics Institute of the Linguistic
Society of America, University of
Illinois

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Results of the Honolulu
Conference
Why use the term ‘Englishes’?

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The Two Faces of English:
Nativisation
Englishisation

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The Power and Politics of
English
Why teach World Englishes?

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World Englishes in the
Future:
Multilingualism
Multiculturalism
Linguistic human rights

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Let’s watch the following
videos on World Englishes.

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We can no longer simply view
English as a worldwide lingua
franca; rather, as many nonnative
varieties of English become
standardized. – Braj B. Kachru,
University of Illinois