Let's link our ideas!

1. CRICOS 00111D
TOID 3069EAP 4 WEEK 1 Writing – Tuesday PM
Getting ready to write
Linking words and preposition to
express cause, reason, purpose and
origin

2. After lunch, we can
have dessert.
After we have lunch,
we can have dessert.
Introduction:
How many sentences are there?
How many clauses?
Grammatically, linking words fit
into 4 groups: three different types
of conjunctions and adverbs
Conjunctions are used to connect
nouns and clauses (inside
sentences).
Adverbs are sometimes called
transition signals, and are used to
connect sentences.
Linking Words

3. Linking words used to contrast: however, despite, although and but
Conjunction 1 Conjunction 2 Conjunction 3 Adverb
Clause but clause
Although clause,
clause
Despite noun,
clause
Clause. However,
clause
Clause although
clause
Clause despite
noun

4. Put the appropriate linking words into the spaces. The first one has been done for you.
a) Although sleep is very important, many people do not get enough.
b) Teenagers are involved in more than half of accidents on the road. ______________, efforts have been made
to reduce this figure.
c) More than 70 million Americans have a sleep problem, ______________ most of these are not treated.
d) ______________ the risks, many people do not get 8 hours of sleep every day.
e) People can recover from sleep deprivation _______ this is more difficult if the deprivation lasts for a long time.
f) Growth hormones are produced when teenagers sleep. ______________, this process is interrupted if
teenagers do not get enough sleep.
g) Research suggests that people who do not get enough sleep have lower IQs ______________ this needs to
be supported by more studies.
h) Laws are being created to reduce work hours, ______________ they may not be very popular with employers
______________ support from scientists.

5. Prepositions used for purpose Examples
_______ + verb I went to the shop _______ buy some bread
_______ + noun (not –ing) I went to the shop _______ some bread
Make sentences:
What is the purpose of using Social Media for your business?

6. Prepositions used for reason Example
_______ + noun or –ing These shoes are _______ work or _______ running
Make sentences:
Why do people exercise?

7. Write sentences: How can you learn English faster?
Prepositions used for method
_______ + –ing The police caught the killer _______ investigating
_______ + noun The police caught the killer _______ investigation

8. Practice using these by answering the following questions:
1. Explain why you visited a particular place. Say what you wanted to see/ do/
experience.
2. Explain how you cook something that you know how to make.
3. Talk about the last time you went shopping. How did you go there? Why did
you go there?

9. cause 1. Sleep deprivation leads to health problems
2. Scientists are measuring sleep deprivation to see how bad it is
3. Teenagers are involved in more car accidents because they need a great deal of sleep
4. Many people use masks for better sleep
5. Getting too much sleep can also result in poor health
6. Because sleep is critical to our health, sleep deprivation is a serious problem
7. Research from the National Sleep Foundation indicates that men get less sleep
8. A great deal of knowledge of the brain is derived from EEG recordings
The sentences in the table include examples of cause, reason, purpose and origin.
Can you correctly identify them?
The first one has been done for you.