Characterization study of the products produced by AM. The parts tested were produced by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process by varying process parameters. DOE is used to compare the properties with standard properties of PLA.

1. Characterization
Study of the
products produced
by AM Setup
Guided by: Dr. Andriya Narasimhulu
Presented by: Ankit Kataria (2017PPE8003)

2. FDM Setup

3. Technical
specifications
NOZZLE DIAMETER :
0.4 MM
FEED: 20-25 MM/SEC FILAMENT
DIAMETER: 1.75 MM
LAYER RESOLUTION:
0.1-0.3 MM
NOZZLE TIP
DISTANCE: 0.05-0.1
MM
CONTROLLING
SOFTWARE:
ARDUINO
SLICING SOFTWARE:
CURA
FILE FORMAT: STL, G-
CODE

4. Temperature :
Maximum heated bed temperature: about 110° C
Maximum extruder temperature: about 300° C
• Power : 110-220 V
• Connectivity: SD Card
• Build Platform: Aluminium
• XYZ Rods: Stainless Steel (Wear Resistant)
• Stepper Motor: 1.8° Step angle
• Machine dimensions: 45*44*41 cm
• Heat bed size: 220*220 mm
• Machine Weight: 7-9 kg Approx.

5. Printing Process
Product designed in
Uni-graphics NX
software.
File is converted
into STL standard
format.
STL file Is sliced in
CURA software.
Sliced file is then
transferred to
machine using a SD.
Machine start
printing as per the
instructions
provided.

6. Process
Parameters
• Layer height
Extra fine, Fine, Moderate.
• Shelling and infill
Wall thickness, Infill density, Infill pattern
• Material
Printing Temperature, Build plate Temperature
• Speed
Printing speed, Travelling or Transverse speed
• Variation of fan speed
Fan speed : OFF, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%
• Support
Support placement, Support density, Support
pattern
• Build plate adhesion type
Skirt, Brim, Raft

7. Materials
Poly lactic acid (PLA)
• Temperature:
Nozzle: 200
Bed: 60
• Good flow ability
• Flexible and good appearance.
• Low strength.
• Melting Temperature : 190-210°C
• Density: 1.25 g/cm3
• Glass transition Temperature: 60-
63°C
• Hardness: 60-80 Shore D Scale
• Tensile Strength: 40-60 MPa
• Flexural Strength: 50-70 MPa

8. Parameters
• Constant Parameters
Extruder Temperature: 220 °C
Printing Speed: 60 mm/sec
Layer Thickness: 0.3 mm (Coarse)
• Variable Parameters
Build Orientation: 0 °/ 45 °/ 90 °
Bed Temperature: 60 °C/ 65 °C/ 70 °C

9. Standard tensile specimen
ASTM D638

10. Objective
Development of tensile specimen.
• ASTM D638 TYPE II.
• Build Orientation and Bed Temperature are the process
variable.
Characterization study of the parts produced by FDM.
• Characterization of the mechanical properties
• Optimal selection of process parameters
• Influence of selected parameters

11. Tensile Strength

12. Flexural Strength

13. Hardness

14. Effect of Build orientation and Bed
temperature on Tensile Strength

15. Effect of Build orientation and Bed
temperature on Flexural Strength

16. Effect of Build orientation and Bed
temperature on Hardness

17. Result and Conclusion
• Build orientation does not show any significant effect on mechanical
properties while effect of bed temperature can be observed
accordingly.
• Increase in bed temperature enhance the adhesion between the layer
and substrate plate and moreover the adhesion between the
subsequent layers can be felt as the specimen build at higher bed
temperature shows better tensile and flexural strength.
• The orientation of the printing provides the uniformity of the
temperature over the substrate plate as printing horizontally with
zero degree angle losses adhesiveness away from the center.

18. • Specimen build with build orientation 90° and 70°C bed temperature
shows better tensile properties than other specimens.
• Specimen build with build orientation 90° and 70°C bed temperature
shows better flexural strength than other specimens.
• Build orientation have no significant effect on hardness, while by
increasing the bed temperature up to a certain extent the hardness is
also increased.

19. Applications
• Food safety : PLA meet requirements for use as food containers. It
contains no heavy metals or substances harmful to health. PLA
comply to food migration standards.
• Agricultural seedling trays and transport trays.
• Telephone frames, Furniture parts, Automotive parts.
• Edible oil bottles, cosmetic and shampoo bottles, agro chemicals
bottles, etc.

20. References
Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada,Flexural fatigue properties of
polycarbonate fused-deposition modelling specimens,
Materials & Design, 8 June 2018.
Giovanni Gomez-Gras, Fatigue performance of fused
filament fabrication PLA specimens, Materials & Design,
30 November 2017.
G. RaghuBabu,Soppari Bhanu Murthy, Investigation of
Dimensional Accuracy and Material Performance in
Fused Deposition Modeling, Volume 5, Issue 11, Part 3,
2018, Pages 23508-23517.
Chun-Ying Lee, Chung-Yin Liu, The Influence of Forced-
Air Cooling on a 3D Printed Part Manufactured by Fused
Filament Fabrication, 9 November 2018.

21. Thank you