This document provides information on spaying and neutering cats and dogs. It discusses the benefits of population control and health benefits like reducing cancer risks. The procedures are described as routine surgeries performed by veterinarians under anesthesia. There are some risks like joint issues if done too early, before growth plates close. The document recommends consulting a veterinarian on timing. It emphasizes spaying/neutering is part of responsible ownership and has historical context in animal welfare.

1. New Pet Owners:
Dog and Cat Spay
and Neuter
CLINICAL PROCEDURES LRC
BY:ANDY DELEON

2. Introduction:
This presentation provides essential
information on spaying and neutering
cats and dogs, highlighting the
importance of responsible pet
ownership.
By understanding the benefits,
procedures, and historical context of
spaying and neutering, new pet
owners can make informed decisions
for their beloved companions.

3. Spay and Neuter:
Spaying involves removing the
ovaries and uterus of female
pets under general anesthesia.
It is a routine surgical
procedure performed by
licensed veterinarians.
Health Considerations: Spaying
before the first heat cycle can
greatly reduce the risk of certain
diseases. The ideal age for spaying
may vary depending on the breed
and individual pet.
Neutering involves removing the
testicles of male pets under general
anesthesia. It is a straightforward
surgical procedure performed by
licensed veterinarians.
Behavioral Benefits: Neutering can
reduce undesirable behaviors such
as roaming, aggression, and
marking territory with urine. It can
also help alleviate sexual
frustration.

4. History:
Ancient Times:
Ancient Egyptians and Greeks practiced
castration to control populations and unwanted
behaviors.
Early Modern Era:
Became common in Europe to control stray and
feral animals.
19th Century:
Gained recognition for improving animal welfare.
The SPCA promoted these procedures, and
veterinarians became the primary practitioners.
20th Century:
Focus shifted to individual animal health
benefits.
AVMA endorsed the procedures, and
organizations like HSUS launched spay/neuter
programs.
Present Day:
Routine procedures for owned animals.
Mandatory spay/neuter laws in some regions.
Low-cost or free services offered by nonprofits
and shelters.

5. Population Control: Spaying and neutering
help prevent overpopulation of cats and
dogs, reducing the number of unwanted
animals in shelters and on the streets.
Health Benefits: Spaying female pets
eliminates the risk of uterine infections
and reduces the incidence of mammary
tumors. Neutering male pets reduces the
risk of testicular cancer and lowers the
likelihood of certain behavioral issues.
Benefits:

6. Risks: Joint Health and
Growth Abnormalities
Spaying/neutering
increases the risk of joint
diseases like hip dysplasia
and elbow dysplasia.
Surgical removal of
reproductive organs
impacts joint development
and can lead to growth
abnormalities.
Early spay/neuter,
especially before the
closure of growth plates,
increases the risk of joint
problems.
Breed-specific variations
exist in the timing of
growth plate closure.

7. Risks(cont): Age Factors
and Health
Consequences
Spaying/neutering before 6 months raises the
risk of hip dysplasia by 70%.
Increased susceptibility to osteosarcoma,
various cancers, hypothyroidism, diabetes,
urogenital disorders, cognitive impairment,
and obesity.
Consider the age at which spay/neuter is
performed to minimize long-term health
implications.
Additional risks include surgical complications
and anesthesia-related concerns.

8. Timing Considerations:
Age Considerations: The ideal age for spaying or neutering may
vary based on the individual pet and veterinarian
recommendations. Generally, it is performed around 6 months of
age, but earlier or later timing may be appropriate in certain cases.
Early Spay/Neuter: Some veterinarians advocate for early-age
spay/neuter, which can be performed as early as 8 weeks of age.helps
prevent unwanted litters. Adhere to the considerations listed in the
risks section and consult with your veterinarian to decide what’s right
for you.

9. Before,
During,
Aftercare:
Consultation with Veterinarian: Prior to scheduling the
procedure, pet owners should consult their veterinarian
to discuss the benefits, risks, and appropriate timing of
spaying or neutering.
Pre-Surgical Instructions: The veterinarian will provide
instructions on pre-surgical fasting, any necessary
vaccinations, and other precautions to ensure a safe
procedure.
Anesthesia and Monitoring: Pets undergoing spaying or
neutering are given anesthesia and carefully monitored
throughout the procedure to ensure their safety and
comfort.
Recovery Period: After the surgery, pets require a quiet
and comfortable recovery space. Pain management
medication may be prescribed, and owners should
follow post-operative care instructions provided by the
veterinarian.

10. Post Surgery
Care:
Activity Restrictions: After surgery,
pets should have limited activity to
allow for proper healing. Jumping,
running, and playing should be
restricted as advised by the
veterinarian.
Incision Care: Pet owners must
monitor the surgical incision site
for any signs of infection or
complications. It is essential to
keep the incision clean and dry as
directed.
Make sure environment is calm
and quiet.

11. Long-Term Benefits,
Responsibilities, and Community
Impact:
Prevention of Unwanted
Litters: Spaying or
neutering eliminates the
possibility of unwanted
litters, reducing the
burden on animal
shelters and preventing
the birth of stray animals.
Responsible Pet
Ownership: Spaying and
neutering are integral
parts of responsible pet
ownership, promoting
the overall health and
well-being of cats and
dogs.
Decreased Stray
Population: Spaying and
neutering contribute to
reducing the number of
stray animals, which can
lead to healthier and
safer communities.
Human-Animal Bond:
Spayed or neutered pets
tend to exhibit more
predictable behaviors,
making them better
companions and
enhancing the bond
between pets and their
owners.

12. Resources and
Assistance:
Affordable Options:
Many veterinary
clinics, animal
welfare
organizations, and
community
programs offer
spay/neuter services
for free, or at
reduced costs to
ensure accessibility
for pet owners.
Financial Assistance:
Some organizations
provide financial aid
or vouchers for
spaying and
neutering,
particularly for pet
owners facing
financial constraints.

13. Conclusion:
(calm down!)
Spaying and neutering cats and dogs is a responsible decision
that brings numerous benefits, both for individual pets and
the community as a whole.
By choosing to spay or neuter their pets, new owners
demonstrate their commitment to responsible pet ownership
and contribute to a healthier and happier pet population.
The historical significance, coupled with the advancements in
veterinary medicine, emphasize the importance of spaying
and neutering in modern pet care.
Understanding the benefits, risks, procedures, and historical
context of spaying and neutering allows new pet owners to
make informed decisions for their beloved companions.
Let's embrace responsible pet ownership and promote the
health and well-being of cats and dogs through spaying and
neutering.

14. THANK YOU: