This is a presentation made on stress and related problems related to physiological aspects of it. It also explains General Adaption Syndrome i.e our bodies response to stressor hormone like Oxytocin and cortisol in basic 3 stages, also some of the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions. It gives you general idea about the "Stress curve" .
2. What is stress and is it necessarily
bad?
Stress = Nervous system and endocrine system
working together to prepare the body for a
challenge. It’s fundamentally life-sustaining.
3. Stressors: positive, tolerable, or
toxic?
your job
my job
sickness
starvation
lack of sleep
scary movies
anxieties
injury
job interview
sex
4. Physiological response to stress
The fight-or-flight sympathetic nervous system
response works beautifully to keep you alive.
Brain — heightened awareness, release of
endorphins, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters
Skeletal muscle primed for activity
Not negative or unpleasant — we pay $$ for it
5.
6.
7. Acute versus Chronic Stress
Good stress is transient. A roller coaster
ride that lasts 3 weeks, I would likely pay
to get OFF.
Long-term stress is THE problem.
8. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
The effects of activation via the
parasympathetic system are
inhibition, slowing, and
“restorative” functions—a
“trophotropic” response
The effects of neural activation via
the sympathetic system are those of
generalized arousal within the end
an “ergotropic” response.
10. The “General Adaptation Syndrome”
• Hans Seyle ( 1956 ) proposed an integrative model for the
stress response, known as the “General Adaptation
Syndrome” (GAS).
The GAS is a tri-
phasic phenomenon
which involves
“alarm”, ”resistance”
and “exhaustion”
phase
11.
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13. Epinephrine effects
heart rate and stroke volume
Resource allocation:
blood and resources to non-essentials like
guts, reproductive, and skin
blood and resources to heart, brain, lungs,
skeletal muscle
Other effects:
release stored nutrients from liver and fat into
blood stream
send WBCs to ‘battle stations’ in skin during
injury
IF YOU’RE RUNNING FROM A LION, YOUR
BLOOD PRESSURE MAY BE 180/120, BUT
YOU’RE NOT SUFFERING FROM
HYPERTENSION, YOU’RE SAVING YOUR
LIFE!
14.
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17. Oxytocin
—released during stress, as well, and
makes us seek out social connections
—you release less cortisol and more
oxytocin in stressful situations if you
are connected to other people
—oxytocin causes vasodilation
—oxytocin repairs damaged cardiac
muscle from stress
—increases trust
—combats inflammation
18.
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21.
22. References
• Physiology and Neurobiology of Stress and Adaptation: Central Role
of the Brain.. Physiol Rev 87: 873–904, 2007
• Physiology of stress. Jones Bartlett publishers pg no. 35-48
• http://www.gulfbend.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=15644&cn=
117
• https://www.psychologistworld.com/stress/general-adaptation-
syndrome.php
Throughout human evolution, our survival has been contingent on an ability to survive life-threatening situations — from being hunted by predators to recovering from illnesses.
Physiological or biological stress is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. Stress is a body's method of reacting to a challenge. According to the stressful event, the body's way to respond to stress is by sympathetic nervous system activation which results in the fight-or-flight response. Because the body can not keep this state for long periods of time, the parasympathetic system returns the body's physiological conditions to normal (homeostasis).
STRESSOR- stuffs which tell you have to be stressful (**Make it dramatic(**is my info. for the way you must act))explain some of them be like anxieties ?
During stressful situtations 1.Muscles contract..2. blood flow in body incresase3. cardiac output increases.(**The cardiac output is simply the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. )4. breathing becomes fast and alveloies contract the most
Blood pressure rises because arteries dilate I during stress in response to stress.
These are some short tern stress examples roller coastal. Sky diving and skiing in turn .Not actually harmful for body.
Acute Stress is short-lived. It can be beneficial and create motivation. For example, when a deadline is approaching, stress may help you to focus and complete your task before the deadline. Chronic, or long-term stress, comes about as the result of a situation that has not been resolved or continued for many years prior to being resolved. This might be a traumatic event that happened during childhood.
Ergotropic one which expends energy
Trophotropic promoting rest n reconstituite energy stores
ARE….
Fight or flight. The body prepares to defend itself. It takes about 90 minutes for the metabolism to return to normal when the response is over.sympathetic branch of the ANS is activated — the adrenal gland secretes the stress hormone cortisol, along with adrenaline, Primarily an epinephrine/adrenaline response; nervous and hormonal
Objective: survival
Body’s needs: higher blood flow, oxygen, and nutrient needs to specific places in the body; less nutrients and oxygen to other places
resistance stage, during which body's Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) resists the impact of the stressful stimulus
parasympathetic branch of the ANS counteracts the changes that the stressful stimulus has produced, and attempts to restore a state of homeostasis
Primarily a cortisol response; hormonal
Cortisol’s objective: keep you alive until things get better, at almost any cost
Released every night, OR under long-term stress
he final phase of general adaptation syndrome is the exhaustion stage, in which the body has depleted resources following its attempt to repair itself during the preceding resistance stage. If the original threat has passed, it will continue its recovery.
However, the body no longer has the energy to cope with continued stress in the long term, and should it continue, it begins to show signs of exhaustion, gradually deteriorating as it persists.Net Effect?anxious person
high BP
no energy reserves
no sex
no sleep
higher probability of cancer
higher probability of ulcers
higher probability of MI
catches every germ that comes around
how would this affect a child in his/her growing years?
Is there any role of oxytocin?
Eustress: Stress in daily life that has positive conotations : Marriage, Promotion, Baby, Winning Money, New Friends Eustress, or positive stress, has the following characteristics:
Motivates, focuses energy
Is short-term
Is perceived as within our coping abilities
Feels exciting
Improves performance
Distress: Stress in daily life that has negative conotations : Divorce, Punishment, Injury, Negative feelings, Financial Problems, Work DifficultiesCauses anxiety or concern
Can be short- or long-term
Is perceived as outside of our coping abilities
Feels unpleasant
Decreases performance
Can lead to mental and physical problems
Learn the location of amygalada , Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.