CONGENITAL (INFANTILE) HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
DEFINITION
It is hypertrophy of musculature of pyloric antrum, especially the circular muscle fibres, causing primary failure of pylorus to relax.
Duodenum is normal.
4. CLINICALFEATURES
• Common in first born males
(4:1).
• ncidence is 4 in 1000 births.
• It is familial.
• It is seenbetween3rd and 6th
weeks of age of an infant, the
time takenby the
hypertrophied muscle to
cause complete obstruction.
• Vomiting—forcible,
projectile and non-bilious.
• Visible gastric peristalsis
(VGP).
• Palpable lumpof
hypertrophied pylorus
whichis better felt
• fromleft side,
• as a mobile,
• smooth,
• firm,
• olivelike mass,
• with all borders well
madeout,
• moves with
respiration, with
impairedresonance
on percussion.
5. • Constipation.
• Dehydrationand loss of
weight.
• Electrolyte imbalance—
hypokalaemic
• Metabolicalkalosis
• Anorexia
INVESTIGATION
• Ultrasoundabdomen
(veryuseful)—
Doughnut sign.
• Pyloric muscle 4 mm or
more in thickness.
• Lengthof pyloriccanal
>14 mm.
• Cervix signon long axis,
target sign on short axis.
6. • Bariummeal shows
obstruction.
• Contrast studyis not
commonly done
• but whenit is done, it shows
‘string sign’ or ‘railroad
tracksign’ or ‘double track
sign’ with pyloric
obstruction
DIFF. DIAGNOSIS
• Duodenal atresia (Bilious
vomiting is present).
• High intestinal obstruction
(e.g. volvulus neonato rum).
• Intracranial haemorrhage.
TREATMENT
• Correctionof dehydration
and electrolyte imbalance.
• Surgery: Ramstedt’s
operation
• Endoscopicpyloromyotomy
7. REFERENCE
1. SRB's Manual of Surgery
by SriramBhat M
2. A Manual on Clinical
Surgeryby Das
3. A Concise textbookof
Surgeryby Das