Hello readers here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 8 cultural studies. if you are interested than watch it and give your reviews and suggetions.

2.  Natyashastra by Bharat is the
most important treatise on
dramatic criticism. It is regarded
as the oldest surviving text on
stage craft in the world.
 Bharat in his ‘Natyashastra’
demonstrates every parts of
Indian drama like music, stage
design, make up, dance and
virtually every aspect of stage
craft

3. • According to Bharat Rasa means ‘aesthetic
delight.’ The eight basic Bhavas are,
1. Shringara ( Love )
2. Hasya (Comic or Humor)
3. Karuna ( Sympathy or Pathetic)
4. Raudra ( Anger )
5. Veera ( Heroism or Bravery )
6. Bhayanaka ( Fear )
7. Bibhatsa ( Hatred )
8. Adbhuta ( Marvel )

4.  Later, in the 17th century AD, Abhinavagupta,
one of the greatest Kashmiri musician and
dramatist of his times, introduce the ninth Rasa,
the Shant rasa (Happiness or calmness).
 Thus, a collection of nine Rasas emerged, which
gained popularity as Navarasa.
 Let us see some examples of different rasa.

5.  Shringara means “Love” and
often also “beauty.” Narrowly
speaking, Shringara means
enjoy the company of the
opposite sex, in a very lovely
and romantic way.
 In a broader sense, Shringara
is the mood in which we
concentrate on creating a
lovely atmosphere, on family
and friends.
 The mood of Shringara has
two aspects : The feeling of
love in union and in
separation. For example
Radha and Krishna’s love.

6.  Hasya is the Rasa of joy, with
Humor as it’s most common
expression.
 Humor is a very powerful tool
against Sadness, Fear and Anger.
 Hasya depends not so much on
the occasion, but on the present
of the energy of joy in the body.

7. Adbhuta Rasa Veera Rasa
 When we understand
that there are things
that we do not
understand, it makes
life beautiful and
exciting, full of wonder
to explore.
 Wonder comes at the
beginning of the
spiritual journey, the
journey to find real
truth and solve the
mystery of life.
 Veera or Courage is the
Rasa of fearlessness,
self-assurance, heroism,
perfect control of body
and mind.
 In-ancient India, Veera
people were warriors and
king who fought in
accordance with the rules
of dharma.
 Courage aids everybody
when challenges need to
be faced in life.
 For example, dvandva
yuddha of Bhima and
Duryodhana in
Mahabharata

8. Shanta Rasa Karuna Rasa
 Although everybody
experience some
relaxation sometimes,
real Shanta or Peace
exists only in Samadhi, a
state of super-
consciousness that is the
final stage of any yoga.
 For a long time, Shanta
was not even regarded as
a Rasa by the Indian
tradition because it is
without emotion, in Rasa.
 When we feel sad for all
do not see through is
illusion of suffering, for
ignorance created by
Maya, then we
experience the highest
form of Karuna, which is
compassion.
 The origin Sanskrit word
Karuna means “Sadness”
 This more popular
meaning of the Karuna
Rasa finds expression in
many kinds of art,
literature, and theater in
India.

9. Raudra Rasa Bhayanka Rasa
 When expectations are
not fulfilled, the ego
may feel that it has
been neglected if it is
instructive, such as
incorrectly; this forms
the basis for Anger.
 Fear is often caused by
ignorance. When
something is unknown,
the mind can only
imagine what it can do
and if the ego is not
confident enough, the
mind will imagine
fearful things.

10. Bibhatsa Rasa
 Bibhatsa Rasa is a feeling of Disgust.
Though the problem of self-pity is
basically mental and supported by
body chemistry.
 The ego may lose the power to
control Bibhatsa if it has been deeply
hurt by seeing bad intentions behind
the words and deeds of others.