This document describes the design and implementation of GRIDSTAT, a system for wide area monitoring of the power grid. It discusses: 1) The architecture of GRIDSTAT, which uses publisher/PMU devices to monitor the grid and send data to subscribers via a status router and QoS broker using a software defined networking approach. 2) The implementation of key GRIDSTAT components like PMU registration and multicast data forwarding between PMUs and subscribers. 3) Security features added to GRIDSTAT like registration authentication and prevention of request packet flooding by adversaries.

1. Courtesy http://asianetindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/power-shortage.jpg

2. 



Background
Architecture
Implementation
Security

3. Blackout
Affected
Zone
BEFORE BLACKOUT
AFTER BLACKOUT
Source: blogs.scientificamerican.com

4. • ELECTRICAL SIGNALS WERE OUT OF SYNC
• LACK OF WIDE AREA SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
Electrical signal from Cleveland
Resultant Signal
Electrical signal from Michigan
http://www.hindustantimes.com/Images/2012/7/becde4aa-8d33-4bec-a9fa-21ca6b31b326Wallpaper1.JPG

5. 



Background
Architecture
Implementation
Security

6. GRIDSTAT COMPONENTS
Publisher / PMU
Status Router
QoS Broker
Subscriber
Management Plane
Data Plane

7. GRIDSTAT OVER SDN
GRIDSTAT ARCHITECTURE
SDN ARCHITECTURE
Global view of the network
Publisher/PMU
Programmable switches
OpenFlow Switch
Status Router
Independent of underlying hardware
Controller
QoS Broker
Subscriber
Control PlanePlane
Management
Data Plane

8. 



Background
Architecture
Implementation
Security

9. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1
120
PMU 2
-
-
Control Plane
Data Plane
SUB 1
PMU 1
SUB 2
PMU 2
SUB 3
LEGEND
Registration Packet

10. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1
120
PMU 2
-
-
Control Plane
Data Plane
SUB 1
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
PMU 1
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1
SUB 2
PMU 2
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 2> IP
-
SUB 3
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet

11. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1
120
PMU 2
-
-
Control Plane
Data Plane
SUB 1
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
PMU 1
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1
SUB 2
PMU 2
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 2> IP
-
SUB 3
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet

12. PMU
PMU
SUBSCRIBER
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
RATE
PMU 1
PMU 1
SUB 1
SUB 1, SUB 2
120
120, 120
PMU 2
PMU 2
SUB 3
120
Control Plane
Data Plane
SUB 1
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
PMU 1
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1 2
1,
SUB 2
PMU 2
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 2> IP
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1
<PMU # 2> IP
2
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet
Registration Packet
SUB 3

13. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1, SUB 2
120, 120
PMU 2
SUB 3
120
Control Plane
Data Plane
SUB 1
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
PMU 1
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1, 2
SUB 2
PMU 2
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 2> IP
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1
<PMU # 2> IP
2
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet
Registration Packet
SUB 3

14. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1, SUB 2
120, 120
60
PMU 2
SUB 3
120
Control Plane
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
SRC IP
PORT
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
1
<PMU # 1> IP
<PMU # 1> IP
1, 2
1, 2
<PMU # 1> IP
Data Plane
1
SUB 1
PMU 1
SRC IP
SRC IP
<PMU # 2> IP
<PMU # 1> IP
1
1
<PMU # 2> IP
PORT
PORT
2
SUB 2
PMU 2
SUB 3
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet
Registration Packet

15. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1, SUB 2
120, 120
60
PMU 2
SUB 3
120
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
1, 2
<PMU # 1> IP
1
Control Plane
Data Plane
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
1
If SEQ = 1
If SEQ = 1
If SEQ = 2
If SEQ = 2
SUB 1
PMU 1
DST IP = SEQ
DST IP = SEQ
SRC IP
1
<PMU # 2> IP
1
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
PORT
<PMU # 2> IP
SRC IP
2
SUB 2
PMU 2
SUB 3
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet
Registration Packet

16. PMU
SUBSCRIBER
RATE
PMU 1
SUB 1, SUB 2
120, 120
60
PMU 2
SUB 3
120
Control Plane
Data Plane
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
1, 2
<PMU # 1> IP
1
<PMU # 1> IP
1
SUB 1
PMU 1
SRC IP
PORT
SRC IP
PORT
<PMU # 1> IP
1
<PMU # 2> IP
1
<PMU # 2> IP
2
SUB 2
PMU 2
SUB 3
LEGEND
Data Packet
Data Packet
Registration Packet

17. 



Background
Architecture
Implementation
Security

18.  Registration/Authentication
Flooding of request packets by an adversary

19. Control Plane
Data Plane
LEGEND
Registration
Key
Success

20. Control Plane
Data Plane
SUB 1
PMU 1
SRC IP
ACTION
SUB 2
DROP
SUB 2
PMU 2
LEGEND
Registration
Stop Packet
SUB 3

21. Goals
Schedule
Research, Project Proposal
Week 1 ( 31 Oct - 3 Nov )
Set up Network and PMU Registration
Week 2 ( 4 Nov – 10 Nov )
Subscriber Registration and Multicast Forwarding
Week 3 ( 11 Nov – 17 Nov )
Security Features & Multi-rate Implementation
Week 4 ( 18 Nov – 24 Nov )
Security Features & Multi-rate Implementation
Week 5 ( 25 Nov - 1 Dec )
Report and Manual
Week 6 ( 2 Dec - 9 Dec )