4. Lesson
Objectives
classify the modals used in
expressing permission,
obligation, and prohibition;
express permission, obligation,
and prohibition using appropriate
modals; and
create a dialogue using
modals.
5. Modals used in expressing permission, obligation, and prohibition.
What is a Modal?
6. Modals
•Also called auxiliary or helping verbs.
•Gives additional information about how
the main verbs function in the sentence.
7. Modals
•Modals are OFTEN placed before the base
form of the verb. OFTEN but NOT ALWAYS.
Example:
Students can use a calculator for this solving
activity.
8. •Modals can not change forms.
example: can - cans
• we cannot put s, -es, -ing to the modal.
• we also use just the base form of the verb after
the modal.
Modals
9. modals used in expressing...
PROHIBITION
OBLIGATION
PERMISSION
10. modals used in expressing PERMISSION
PERMISSION - giving consent
or authority or allowing
someone to do something.
can could may
might
modals
11. modals used in expressing PERMISSION
can - can be used to give or
ask for permission.
example:
Can I ask you a question? (Asking)
You can choose from the choices. (Giving)
can
12. modals used in expressing PERMISSION
could - is used as a more polite and
formal modal in asking permission.
example:
Could you please help me?
Could I borrow your book?
could
13. modals used in expressing PERMISSION
may - the most formal and polite way
of asking and giving permission.
example:
May I please go out, Ma'am?
May I ask for a refund?
may
14. modals used in expressing PERMISSION
might - is used for respect and
politeness.
example:
Might I trouble you with something?
Might I ask what is your name?
might
15. modals used in expressing PERMISSION
modals in expressing permission
CREATE YOUR OWN
SENTENCE
16. modals used in expressing PROHIBITION
PROHIBITION- a statement
that does not allow an action
can't/ cannot
must not
modals
17. modals used in expressing PROHIBITION
can't - is a contraction of the word
cannot.
- used in dealing with something
that is against the rule, law, or signs
posted.
can't
18. modals used in expressing PROHIBITION
can't
Example:
You can't drive a vehicle without a license.
Sshh, you can't be too loud in the library.
can't
19. modals used in expressing PROHIBITION
mustn't - is a contraction of the word
must not.
- also deals with something
that is not allowed. In this context, the
speaker sets the rule.
mustn't
20. modals used in expressing PROHIBITION
mustn't
Example:
You mustn't stay up late at night.
Hey! You must not bring your shoes
inside the house, young man.
mustn't
21. modals used in expressing PROHIBITION
modals in expressing prohibition
CREATE YOUR OWN
SENTENCE
22. modals used in expressing OBLIGATION
OBLIGATION - shows
duty or responsibility.
has/ have to
must
modals
23. modals used in expressing OBLIGATION
has/have to - is used when the
obligation is set by an authority, rule, or
law
- used when expressing an
obligation set by a general rule.
has/ have to
24. modals used in expressing OBLIGATION
has - singular
have - plural
has/ have to
25. modals used in expressing OBLIGATION
has/have to
example:
1. We have to implement the social
distancing rule at all times.
2. She has to hurry or she will miss the bus.
has/ have to
26. modals used in expressing OBLIGATION
must - is used when the obligation
comes from the speaker.
example:
I must pass my activities on time.
You must submit your outputs on time.
must
27. modals used in expressing
OBLIGATION
modals in expressing obligation
CREATE YOUR OWN
SENTENCE
28. modals used in expressing NO OBLIGATION
NO OBLIGATION - shows no
duty or no responsibility.
doesn't have to
don't have to
modals
29. modals used in expressing NO OBLIGATION
don't - is used when
speaking in the
second and third
person (I, you, we,
and they)
doesn't - is used
in the third
person singular
only ( he, she
and it)
30. modals used in expressing NO
OBLIGATION
don't have to
example:
It is an accident, you don't have
to apologize.
don't have to
31. modals used in expressing NO
OBLIGATION
doesn't have to
example:
She doesn't have to bring his files.
We already have a copy of it.
doesn't have to
32. modals used in expressing NO OBLIGATION
modals in expressing no obligation
CREATE YOUR OWN
SENTENCE
34. Make your own dialogue using
the modals used in expressing
permission, obligation, and
prohibition. Perform the dialogue
by making a video. You can be
creative in doing your video
presentation. Your video
duration must be a maximum of
2 mins only.
OUTPUT
You can choose a scenario here:
• Service in a restaurant
• Asking permission to have
a sleepover
• Prohibitions on driving a car
• Obligations on playing
basketball
• Obligations on applying for
a job
35. Criteria 5 pts 3pts 2 pts
Relevance to the topic The dialogue is relevant
to the topic chosen.
The dialogue has little
relevance to the topic
chosen.
The dialogue has no
relevance to the topic.
Content The dialogue contained
modals in expressing
prohibition, obligation,
and permission.
The dialogue has few
modals and was not
used to express
prohibition, obligation,
and permission.
The dialogue has no
modals.
Creativity The dialogue is unique
and well thought of and
the video presentation
is very creative and out
of the box.
The dialogue has a slight
uniqueness and a little
creativity.
The dialogue has no
uniqueness, no
creativity, and was
copied from someone
else.
