POST-DISASTER ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE(Waste Management, Disease Control) ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF GOVERNMENT

1. BY:
ALPANA A. INGALE
ROLL NO. 8108

2. INTRODUCTION - DISASTER
1. Disasters cause substantial damage around the world.
2. This causes serious environmental and economic burden on normal living
conditions and reconstruction.
3. During and after any crisis, decision-makers at the national and
international levels rely on rapidly acquired information to analyze impacts,
set priorities, identify gaps, plan early recovery responses, mobilize
resources and engage in advocacy.
4. Primary data to inform decision making is often unavailable or inaccessible
in a post-crisis situation. 2

3. • Introduction
• Strategies
• Issues & Challenges
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4. INTRODUCTION
1. Waste management is a discipline associated with control of generation of
waste, storage, collection, transfer & transport, processing, reuse,
recovery and disposal of solid waste in accordance with best principles of
public health, economics, engineering, conservation of nature, aesthetics,
while considering the general public attitude.
2. This waste classification can be done as below:
1. Recyclable materials (Concrete, Masonry, Wood, Metal, Soil, etc.)
2. Non-recyclable materials (Household inventory, organic materials, etc.)
3. Hazardous waste (Asbestos, Chemicals)
4. Building waste (Damaged build environment, subsequent relief and
rehabilitation programs) 4

5. STRATEGIES
1. The findings reveal that strategies, issues & challenges are varying according to
type of disaster, magnitude, location, country, etc.
2. Steps involved in strategies for waste management are as below:
1. Controlling of generating waste
2. Collecting Waste
3. Transporting Waste to relevant sites
4. Processing of Waste
5. Disposing of Waste
3. Building waste recycling projects have not been implemented generally due to
lack of funds, plant and new technology, unfamiliarity and unawareness of
recycled building materials, etc.
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6. ISSUE & CHALLENGES
1. Key issues related with disaster management are as below:
1. Non-availability of institutional framework,
2. non-availability of district and divisional contingency plans,
3. political will,
4. inadequate capacity,
5. Poor implementation of prevailing rules and regulations,
6. Poor standards of local expertise and capacities,
7. Inadequate funds,
8. Lack of communication & co-ordination.
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7. 1. Introduction
2. Causes
3. Prolonged Effects
4. Disease Outbreaks
5. Clinical Phases
6. Risk Factors
7. Prevention and control measures
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8. INTRODUCTION
1. Beyond damaging and destroying physical infrastructure, natural disasters
can lead to outbreaks of infectious disease.
2. Global population growth, poverty, land shortages & urbanization in many
countries have increased the number of people living in areas prone to
natural disasters and multiplied the public health impacts.
3. Infectious disease transmission or outbreaks may be seen days, weeks or
even months after the onset of the disaster.
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9. CAUSES
1. Some conditions make certain populations more vulnerable to disease
outbreaks after a natural disaster which are as follows:
a. environmental changes & increased vector breeding sites
b. Unplanned and overcrowded shelters,
c. poor water and sanitation conditions,
d. poor nutritional status,
e. insufficient personal hygiene
f. insufficient vaccination coverage,
g. limited access to health care services.
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10. PROLONGED EFFECTS
1. The prolonged health impact of natural disasters on a community may
be the consequence of :
a. The collapse of health facilities and healthcare systems,
b. The disruption of surveillance & health programs (immunization
and vector control programs),
c. The limitation or destruction of farming activities (scarcity of
food/food insecurity),
d. The interruption of ongoing treatments,
e. Use of un-prescribed medications.
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11. DISEASE OUTBREAKS
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Table 1 : Examples of disease outbreaks
documented after natural disasters

12. CLINICAL PHASES
Three clinical phases of natural disasters summarize the chronological public health
effects on injured people and survivors:
(Phase 1) The impact phase (lasting up to 4 days), is usually the period when victims
are extricated and initial treatment of disaster-related injuries is provided.
(Phase 2) The post-impact phase (4 days to 4 weeks), is the period when the first
waves of infectious diseases (air-borne, food-borne, and/or water-borne infections)
might emerge.
(Phase 3) The recovery phase (after 4 weeks), is the period when symptoms of victims
who have contracted infections with long incubation periods or those with latent-type
infections may become clinically apparent. During this period, infectious diseases that
are already endemic in the area, as well as newly imported ones among the affected
community, may grow into an epidemic. 12

13. RISK FACTORS
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• Although it is not possible to predict with accuracy which diseases will occur
following certain types of disasters, diseases can be distinguished as either
water-borne, air-borne/droplet, vector-borne diseases, & contamination
from wounded injuries.
• Despite the vast number of deaths resulting from major disasters, no
outbreaks resulting from corpses have been documented.
• Table 2 : The summarized checklist which needs to be considered for
the early warning system as well as when doing post-disaster risk
assessment.

14. RISK FACTORS – CONT’D
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15. PREVENTION & CONTROL MEASURES
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Some of the Prevention and control measures are :
1. Providing Medical supply & implementing vaccination campaigns,
2. Provide essential clinical services & basic laboratory facilities,
3. training of healthcare workers & medical personnel
4. Public health responders should set up a rapid disease risk assessment
within the first week of the disaster in order to identify disaster impacts &
health needs.
5. Practically, prompt and adequate prevention and control measures, and
appropriate case management and surveillance systems are essential.
6. provision of an adequate quantity of safe water,
7. Ensure safety of food & appropriate shelter,
8. Sanitation facilities .

16. PREVENTION & CONTROL MEASURES– Cont’d
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17. 1. Introduction
2. Basic Scenario
3. NDMA ( Government of INDIA)
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18. INTRODUCTION
1. Government agencies play a critical role during times of
disaster, but the exact role of government is often unclear to
disaster victims.
2. Even more difficult to decipher are the complex relationships
between various government programs, from local to
national levels.
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19. INTRODUCTION – CONT’D
1. These tasks will be carried out through an inclusive and participatory process
involving extensive consultation with the Central Ministries/ Departments/
State Governments/ Union Territories and other stakeholders.
2. To formulate Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) duly describing all the support
systems, i.e. financial technical and managerial resources as well as the
techno-legal regimes required.
3. For this experts/agencies need to be engaged, as required in terms of the
Government rules and regulations. 19

20. BASIC SCENARIO
1. The extent or the impact of a natural or man-made event can qualify a region
of a state to be declared a disaster.
2. Emergency Management reacts as quickly as possible to the devastation
caused by a disaster to provide immediate aid and relief to those affected; this
is known as the disaster response phase.
3. After the disaster is over and it is time to rebuild, the recovery phase begins,
and with it come additional sources of aid.
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21. NDMA- National Disaster Management Authority
1. NDMA, as the apex body, is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and
guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure timely and effective response to
disasters.
Towards this, it has the following responsibilities:-
a. Lay down policies on disaster management
b. Approve the National Plan
c. Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of the
Government of India in accordance with the National Plan
d. Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up
the State Plan
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22. NDMA – CONT’D
e. Lay down guidelines to be followed by the different Ministries or Departments of
the Government of India for the Purpose of integrating the measures for prevention
of disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development plans and projects
f. Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the policy and plans for
disaster management
g. Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of mitigation
h. Provide such support to other countries affected by major disasters as may be
determined by the Central Government
i. Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute
of Disaster Management.
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