The Maharlika Period The notion of the term maharlika began in the time of President Marcos Sr. Social Structure of the Lowland Filipinos (Pre-hispanic Era) Only those lowland people were conquered Only Luzon, Visayas, and Zamboaga were colonized Cordillera Administrative Region, and Bangsamoro Administrative Region in Muslim Mindanao remains of their roots, and were not colonized Ancient Class System Prior than colonization, Philippines is civilized Class system is evidence of prior civilization Maginoo top of Tagalog Society men and women of this class were generally referred to with the respectful title of ginoo honorific title which belongs to the top of social class terms like Gat, or lord, the dayang, or lady, preceded the given name Panginoon wealthy maginoo who owned much property and valuable land was addressed with shortened honorific term, poon poon survives as the term of respect, "po" Datu a maginoo who had followers rule beyond his immediate household and other whole communities used in Visayas and Luzon datu with power over a large area held the title Lakan or Rajah, a Hindu word brought from Malaysia Rajah Solayman (Tondo), Lapu-Lapu (Mactan), and Datu Puti (Visayas) belong to this. Timawa free commoners of Luzon and Visayas could own their own land and who did not have to pay a regular tribute to a maginoo free to change their allegiance to another datu if they moved into another datu if they married into another community or if they decided to move Tabuco and naga were once different communities, tabuco comes from tabuc which resembles the blade of the roaster. While naga pertains to the abundance of Narra trees Maharlika those members of Tagalog warrior class had the same rights and responsibilities as the Timawa in times of war they were bond to serve their datu in battle had to arm themselves at their own expense, but they don't get to keep the loot they won or stole (loot means the goods being retrieved from the war losers) feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon translated in Spanish as hidalgos (freeman, libres, or freedman) lower mobility similar ro Timawa of visayas modern Filipino means "royal mobility" which was actually restricted to the hereditary maginoo class Alipin a debtor during the Spanish Period they could be born alipins, inheriting their parent's debt, and their obligations could be transferred from one master to another it was possible for them to buy their freedom they can pay by (a) money/in kind, and (b) service types of services can be in a form of (a) aliping sa gigilid, and (b) aliping namamahay person in extreme poverty might even want to become an alipin voluntarily Filipinos, therefore, have no notion of slavery or the idea of owing your people. Aliping namamahay

1. Readings in the Philippine History
August 24, 2023
The Maharlika Period
- The notion of the term maharlika began in the time of President Marcos Sr.
Social Structure of the Lowland Filipinos (Pre-hispanic Era)
- Only those lowland people were conquered
- Only Luzon, Visayas, and Zamboaga were colonized
- Cordillera Administrative Region, and Bangsamoro Administrative Region in Muslim
Mindanao remains of their roots, and were not colonized
Ancient Class System
- Prior than colonization, Philippines is civilized
- Class system is evidence of prior civilization
A) Maginoo
- top of Tagalog Society
- men and women of this class were generally referred to with the respectful title
of ginoo
- honorific title which belongs to the top of social class
- terms like Gat, or lord, the dayang, or lady, preceded the given name
B) Panginoon
- wealthy maginoo who owned much property and valuable land
- was addressed with shortened honorific term, poon
- poon survives as the term of respect, "po"
C) Datu
- a maginoo who had followers
- rule beyond his immediate household and other whole communities
- used in Visayas and Luzon
- datu with power over a large area held the title Lakan or Rajah, a Hindu word
brought from Malaysia
- Rajah Solayman (Tondo), Lapu-Lapu (Mactan), and Datu Puti (Visayas) belong
to this.
D) Timawa
- free commoners of Luzon and Visayas
- could own their own land and who did not have to pay a regular tribute to a
maginoo

2. Readings in the Philippine History
August 24, 2023
- free to change their allegiance to another datu if they moved into another datu if
they married into another community or if they decided to move
- Tabuco and naga were once different communities, tabuco comes from tabuc
which resembles the blade of the roaster. While naga pertains to the abundance
of Narra trees
E) Maharlika
- those members of Tagalog warrior class
- had the same rights and responsibilities as the Timawa
- in times of war they were bond to serve their datu in battle
- had to arm themselves at their own expense, but they don't get to keep the loot
they won or stole (loot means the goods being retrieved from the war losers)
- feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon
- translated in Spanish as hidalgos (freeman, libres, or freedman)
- lower mobility similar ro Timawa of visayas
- modern Filipino means "royal mobility" which was actually restricted to the
hereditary maginoo class
F) Alipin
- a debtor during the Spanish Period
- they could be born alipins, inheriting their parent's debt, and their obligations
could be transferred from one master to another
- it was possible for them to buy their freedom
- they can pay by (a) money/in kind, and (b) service
- types of services can be in a form of (a) aliping sa gigilid, and (b) aliping
namamahay
- person in extreme poverty might even want to become an alipin voluntarily
- Filipinos, therefore, have no notion of slavery or the idea of owing your people.
A) Aliping namamahay
- house-holding alipin
- what we call a serf in English (tenant)
- usually an alipin who had received a piece of land from his
maginoo or master
- in return, he was required to had over a portion of what the land
produced as to tribute and to occasionally work on his master's
land

3. Readings in the Philippine History
August 24, 2023
B) Aliping sa gigilid
- something in periphery
- pre-colonial times, gilid was the area behind and below the house
where the toilet was located
- maid in the house
- alipins were single men and women who worked in their master's
homes, tending the gilid, among other chores