resistance and revols dates essays

1. THE CUBAN TIME LINE
1801 THOMMAS JEFFERSON
THE PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES
INTRODUCED THE
EXPANSION IDEA
1823 THE MONROE DOCTRINE
WAS INTRODUCED & IT
WAS NAMED AFTER
PRESIDENT JAMES
MONROE {THE 5TH
PRESIDENT BETWEN THE
YEARS 1817-8125}
1868 CARLOS MANUEL DE
CESPEDES
{PLANTER}DECLARED
INDEPENDENCE
1868-1878 THE CUBAN WAR FOR
INDEPENDENCE
1886 SLAVERY WAS
ABOLISHED IN CUBA
1894 SPAIN CANCELLED A
TRADE PACT BETWEEN
CUBA AND THE UNITED
STATES.

2. THE INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE {KALINAGOUS,
MAYANS, TAINOS}
The Taino, Kalinago, and Mayan peoples were some of the most
significant indigenous tribes that inhabited the Caribbean and
Central America regions. These groups have a rich cultural
heritage that still influences the world today.
The Tanios were the first indigenous people in the Caribbean,
with their civilization originating in the Greater Antilles. They
were skilled at farming, hunting, and fishing, using the
environment around them to produce food and resources. Their
culture was highly organized, with a strong hierarchical
structure and a focus on communal values. Taino society was
highly religious, with a belief system that combined a reverence
for nature, ancestor worship and the worship of spirits known as
Zemis.
The Kalinago, also known as the Caribs, inhabited the islands in
the Lesser Antilles. They were known for their skills in warfare,
seafaring, and trading. They lived in communal villages along
the coast and were highly respected for their navigational skills.

3. The Kalinago's economy was dependent on the cultivation of
cassava, a crop that allowed them to survive in difficult
environments. They also were skilled craftspeople, producing
intricate pottery and woven baskets.
The Mayan people were one of the most advanced civilizations
in the New World, having resided in modern-day Mexico,
Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador. They had a
complex system of writing, mathematics, art, and science, with a
calendar that was more accurate than any used in Europe at the
time. Their society was highly organized, with extensive trade
networks and a hierarchical class system. The Mayans were
known for their impressive architecture, including the towering
pyramids and intricate palaces that still draw visitors to the
region today.
Despite their unique qualities, these three groups shared several
commonalities. For example, all three groups were skilled
farmers who mastered various farming techniques to sustain
their people. Furthermore, they all believed in a spiritual world
and had a complex pantheon of gods and other supernatural
beings. Finally, they all faced intense scrutiny and colonization
by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century, which ultimately led
to the decline of their cultures and way of life.
In conclusion, the Tanios, Kalinago's, and Mayans were three of
the most significant indigenous cultures of the Americas. Their

4. rich heritage of language, art, religion and science continue to
influence the world today. Although many elements of their
cultures were lost over time because of colonization and other
external factors, the memory and legacy of these groups remain
a treasured aspect of human history.
What three qualities was the
Kalinago chief expected to
possess?
To be a religious leader(priest)
•To be a warrior
•Had to have killed several enemy warriors or at
least on Cacique with his bare hands.
Three features of the raids
which the kalinagos made
against the Taino villages.

5. Since the Kalinagos were warlike they made better weapons.
They made use of bow and arrows. Fire- and poison-tipped
arrows were used which was almost fatal to its victim. They also
had many types of clubs and spears.
•Taino men being killed
•Taino woman being taken as slaves and raped to produce
children.
•Male prisoners were kept as prisoners and tied in a hammock
near the roof of the cabet and after several days they were taken
down and horribly tortured, those slaves who had the greatest
courage were killed and consumed with reverence at religious
ceremonies

10. The Taino, Kalinago (also known as Caribs), and Mayans are
three distinct indigenous groups that developed in different
regions of the Americas at different times. Here is some
information on each group:
The Taino:
- The Taino people were one of the indigenous peoples of the
Caribbean islands, including Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Hispaniola (which includes the modern-day countries of Haiti
and the Dominican Republic).
- The origins of the Taino people are not entirely clear, but it is
believed that they may have migrated from South America as
early as 4000 BCE and flourished in the Caribbean from about
600 to 1500 CE.
- Taino homes were typically rectangular in shape and were
constructed from wooden poles with thatched roofs made from

11. palm leaves. They were often situated near the water, and many
Taino villages were built around a central plaza or marketplace.
- The Taino people had a complex religion that involved the
worship of various gods and goddesses related to nature and
fertility. They also engaged in rituals and ceremonies that
involved music, dance, and the consumption of a fermented
beverage called casabe.
The Kalinago:
- The Kalinago people were one of the indigenous peoples of the
Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean, including modern-day
Dominica, Saint Lucia, and Grenada.
- The origins of the Kalinago people are unclear, but it is
believed that they may have also migrated from South America
around 1000 CE.
- Kalinago homes were typically round in shape and were
constructed from wooden poles with thatched roofs made from
palm leaves. They were often situated on hilltops for defensive
purposes, as the Kalinago were known to be fierce warriors.
- The Kalinago people had a complex religion that involved the
worship of various gods and goddesses related to nature and the
afterlife. They also engaged in body modifications, such as
filing their teeth and tattooing their bodies, as part of their
cultural practices.

12. The Mayans:
- The Mayan people were one of the indigenous peoples of
Mesoamerica, which includes modern-day Mexico, Guatemala,
Belize, and Honduras.
- The origins of the Maya are not entirely clear, but it is believed
that they may have developed as early as 2000 BCE.
Civilization reached its peak in the Classic Period, from about
250 to 900 CE.
- Mayan homes were typically rectangular in shape and were
constructed from limestone or adobe bricks with thatched roofs
made from palm leaves. The Mayans built elaborate cities and
temple complexes that were highly developed in terms of art,
mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
- The Mayans had a complex religion that involved the worship
of various gods and goddesses related to nature, time, and the
cycles of the cosmos. They also developed a hierarchical social
structure, with priests and rulers occupying the highest positions
of power.
Overall, each of these indigenous groups developed unique
cultures, languages, and ways of life that were shaped by their
specific geographic and historical contexts.

13. Sure, the Taino people of the Caribbean islands used various
natural materials to construct their houses. Some of the most
used materials were:
1. Wood - Taino houses were primarily constructed by using
wooden poles for support and framing. The poles were
sometimes covered with woven straw or reeds to form walls.
2. Leaves - Large leaves, such as the fronds of the palm tree or
banana leaves, were used to create thatched roofs for Taino
homes.
3. Mud and Clay - The Taino people also used cured mud and
clay to create walls for their homes. After being mixed with
water and dried, the mud walls provided both insulation and
protection from the elements.
4. Stone - Taino homes were often built with stones, especially
in areas that were more prone to natural disasters such as
hurricanes. The stones were stacked to make walls, and in some
cases, were used to create foundations for the homes.

14. RESISTANCE AND
REVOLTS
BIRBICE REVOLT {1763}
LEADRER: COFFY {AN AFRICAN
BORN SLAVE}
CAUSES- * THE HARSH TREATMENT
THE SLAVES RECIEVED FROM THE
WHITES/ PLANTERS
* THE WANTED A PLACE WHERE THE
COULD LIVE IN FREEDOM.
Berbice was a "death trap" for European
soldiers. Nevertheless, the Dutch prevailed
due to the rebels' inability to access global
trade, European fire power and supplies,
dissension among the rebels, and support
from Amerindian.

15. Why did the Berbice Revolt fail?
Answer and Explanation: The Berbice
Revolt failed due to divisions among the
rebels and a failure to seize on momentum.
In February of 1763, a slave revolt began on
the Magdalenenburg plantation in Berbice
(Dutch Guyana), and this caught the
outnumbered white minority and Dutch
government by surprise.
BARBADOS REVOLT/ BUSSA REVOLT
1816
LEADERS: BUSSA JACK & FRANKLIN
CAUSES- *MISINTERPRETATION OF
THE REGISTRATION BILL
*ACTIVITIES OF THE NON-
CONFORMIST CHURCH

16. * DESIRE OF FREEDOM
*HARSH TREATMENTS RECEIVED
FROM THE WHITE PLANTERS
EFFECTS- * ECONOMIC:
DISTRUCTION OF CANEFIELD AND
ESTATE
* SOCIAL- DEATHES {144 ENSLAVED
AFRICANS DIED, INCLUDING BUSSA
AND 1 WHITE DIED ALSO}
OUTCOME:214 PERSONS WERE
EXECUTED AND 100 EXITED TO
SIERRA LEONE. THE MISSIONARIES
WERE PERSECUTED AND CHAPELS
WERE DAMAGED.
HAITIAN REVOLUTION 1791
LEADER- TOUSSAINT LOUVETURE

17. Who were the leaders of the revolution in
Haiti?
Napoleon sent General Charles Leclerc to
overthrow him and restore French rule, but
Haitians, led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines and
Henry Christophe, prevailed over the
French, and Dessalines declared Haiti
independent in 1804.
CAUSES THE MULATOES FUSTRATED
ASPIRATIONS ,THE BRUTALITY OF
SLAVE OWNERS AND THE
INSPIRATION OF THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION.
CONSEQUENCES- First, the warfare of the
Haitian Revolution destroyed the capital and
infrastructure of the economy. Second, Haiti
lacked diplomatic and trade relations with
other nations. Third, Haiti lacked
investment, both foreign and domestic
investment.
THE CHRISTMAS REBELLION 1831

18. IT TOOK PLACE ON THE KESINGTON
ESTATE IN ST. JAMES
LEADER SAMUEL SHARP
CAUSES- *SLAVES BELIEVED THAT
EMANCIPATION WAS BEING WITH
HELD
* THE SALVES WANTEND TO BE PAID
FOR THEIR LABOUR ON THE
PLANTATION
*THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NON-
CONFORMIST CHURCH
OUTCOME- *DURING THE REBELION
100 SLAVES WERE KILLED ALONG
WITH 10 WHITES
*AFTER THE REBELLION 100 SLAVES
WERE EXECUTED ALONG WITH
SAMUEL SHARP

19. *ANOTHER 100 SLAVES WERE
FLLOGED
* THE CAHPELS WERE DISTROYED
MISSIONARIES: WILLIAM KNIBB,
BURCHELL & PFEIFFER
THE DEMERAR REVOLT 1823
CAUSE- Poor treatment, (mistaken) belief
that Parliament had emancipated the slaves
CONSEQUENCE - *The largely non-
violent rebellion was brutally crushed by the
colonists under Governor John Murray.
They killed many slaves: estimates of the
toll from fighting range from 100 to 250.
After the insurrection was put down, the
government sentenced another 45 men to
death, and 27 were executed.

20. RESON FOR THE FAILURE OF THE
REVOLT: Large numbers of Christian
slaves refused to rebel and helped suppress
those who rose. Other enslaved people
confronted their owners and the military
forces sent against them.
The name of two enslaved women who
were leaders of revolts in the Caribbean-
*
*
why planters regarded women as being the
fiercest, most troublesome, and
ungovernable of all enslaved people?
* Because they would often kill their unborn
children to avoid the white's bloodline
* Some would rather sleep with whites just
so their children could be free.

21. *They were scheming like women today

23. US AND CUBA
History Group Essay- Examine Five Policies
of the Castro Revolution 1959-1962 and
explain how each impacted Cuba.
Introduction

24. The Castro Revolution of 1959-1962 had
policies such as political economic and
social policies that made a great impact on
the Cuban Society both positively and
negatively.
Economic policies can be defined as a
country setting levels of taxation, budgets
and such in a country's economy.
Social policies are the term given to
government policies, actions, programs or
initiatives that are intended to improve upon
social problems
The US had interest in Cuba because of their
geographical location which was south of
Florida, and it could hold a military base
that could protect USA back yard. They also
had investments in Cuba such as: railways,
mining, tobacco and sugarcane factories.
During Batista’s rein as president of Cuba

25. he indulged in corruption which in most
instances didn’t benefit the people of Cuba.
In such instances was him giving USA the
power to intervene in Cuba’s relations.
Hence, nationalism encouraged many like
Castro to fight against capitalism and US. In
the process getting rid of Batista’s regime.
Throughout this essay five main points will
be discussed- Give five ways/policies of the
Castro revolution 1959-1962 and how they
impacted Cuba.
1. Land Reform - Economic
2. Health care- Social
3. Education- Social.
4. Housing- Social.
5. Nationalism- Economic
6. Getting rid of capitalism and turning the
economic into a communist country

26. ◦ Body Of Essay
There was a band in large scale private land
holding. The government seized large
landholdings owned by wealthy landowners
and redistributed them to landless peasants.
The goal was to create a more equitable
distribution of land and reduce the
concentration of wealth in the hands of a
few. The impact of land reform was
significant, as it provided many peasants
with access to land, which allowed them to
become self-sufficient and earn a living
through agriculture. However, the reform
also had some negative consequences, such
as the displacement of some landowners and
the disruption of the agricultural sector.
Healthcare was another area of reform, and
the Castro government invested heavily in

27. building a comprehensive healthcare system.
The government established hospitals,
clinics and trained medical personnel. The
result was a significant improvement in the
health of the population, particularly in rural
areas, where access to healthcare was
limited. The impact of the healthcare system
was significant, as it provided access to
quality healthcare to all Cubans, regardless
of their income.
Education was also a key area of reform,
and the government invested heavily in
providing access to education to all Cubans.
The government established schools and
universities and provided free education to
all citizens. The result was a significant
increase in literacy rates and the
development of a highly educated

28. workforce. The impact of the education
system was significant, as it provided access
to education to all Cubans, regardless of
their income.
Housing was another area of reform, and the
government implemented policies to provide
affordable housing to all Cubans. The
government-built thousands of new housing
units and implemented policies to make
homeownership accessible to all. The impact
of the housing policies was significant, as it
provided affordable housing to many
Cubans who were previously living in
substandard conditions.
Nationalism was a key component of the
Castro Revolution, and the government
implemented policies to promote Cuban

29. culture and identity. The government
promoted the use of the Spanish language
and the celebration of Cuban traditions and
holidays. The impact of nationalism was
significant, as it helped to create a sense of
unity and pride among the Cuban people.
The Castro government also implemented
policies to move towards socialism and get
rid of capitalism. The government
nationalized many industries, including
sugar, tobacco, and mining, and
implemented policies to promote collective
ownership and control of the means of
production. The impact of these policies was
significant, as it led to the creation of a more
socialist economy and reduced the influence
of foreign corporations in Cuba.

30. In conclusion, the Castro Revolution of
1959-1962 brought about significant
changes in Cuba, impacting various aspects
of Cuban society. The reforms implemented
in land reform, healthcare, education,
housing, nationalism, and the move towards
socialism had both positive and negative
consequences, but overall, they helped to
create a more equitable and just society in
Cuba. The revolution left a lasting impact on
Cuba, shaping the country's history and
identity
Answer ONE question only from this
section.
All essays in this section must be well
developed with a clear introduction and
conclusion. Points must be supported

31. with relevant details and examples.
Marks will be awarded for good
organization and correct grammar,
spelling and punctuation.
Theme 7 – The United States in the
Caribbean, 1776 - 1985
Question 7
Examine FIVE ways in which USA
impacted Cuba up to 1959. Include
economic, social and political impact.
Total 25 marks
Introduction
Hypothesis/ Thesis Statement – United
States intervention into Cuba had both

32. negative and positive impact socially,
politically and economically up to 1959.
Background information – Reasons for
USA intervention in the Caribbean
(Manifest Destiny, Setting up of naval
bases, investments and trading)
Definition of key terms – social, economic
and political
Points to be discussed
Positive impact
1st
point USA invested in Cuba’s sugar,
mining and tourism industry creating
employment. (Economic)

33. 2nd
point USA implemented programs to
deal with sanitation and health care
(social)
Negative Impact
3rd
point Tourism especially in Havana
caused increase in crime and violence
(gambling, prostitution, theft) (social)
4th
point The introduction of the Platt
Amendment that curtailed political
activities to some extent.
5th
point Using Cuba’s land for military
bases in Guantanamo Bay (political)
Body of Essay

34. 1st
point USA invested in Cuba’s sugar,
mining and tourism industry creating
employment. (Economic)
Give supporting information showing the
prosperity of the sugar, mining and
tourism industry and how each benefitted
Cuba economically.
2nd
point USA implemented programs to
deal with sanitation and health care
(social)
Give supporting information on
programs to deal with sanitation and
health care and how they benefitted Cuba
socially.

35. 3rd
point Tourism especially in Havana
caused increase in crime and violence
(gambling, prostitution, theft) (social)
Give supporting information on how
gambling, prostitution, theft among
others affected the Cubans negatively and
socially.
4th
point the introduction of the Platt
Amendment that curtailed political
activities to some extent.
Give supporting information by outlining
the clauses of the Platt amendment and
explain how they affected the Cubans.

36. 5th
point Using Cuba’s land for military
bases at Guantanamo Bay.
Give supporting information by outlining
the reasons for the military bases and
how they affected Cuba.
Conclusion
Synopsis of entire essay.