3. Alisha
3
•The United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de
Janeiro Earth Summit , Rio Summit, Rio Conference
and Earth Summit, World summit on sustainable
development
• A major United National Conference held in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
4. Systematic scrutiny (examine) of patterns of production – particularly
the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or
poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals
Alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which
are linked to global climate change
New reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce
vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems
caused by polluted air and smoke
The growing scarcity of water
Alisha 4
5. Three agreements and two legally binding conventions were agreed at the 1992
Earth Summit.
Agreements
1 - Agenda 21 – a wide-ranging comprehensive action plan for achieving
sustainable development worldwide.
2 - Rio Declaration on the environment and development – a series of principles
defining the rights and responsibilities of states.
3 - Statement of forest principles – a set of principles to underlie the sustainable
management of forests worldwide.
Conventions (ways to do)
1 - The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) – to prevent global climate change. The Kyoto Protocol,
the global agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions, was
developed as part of this Convention.
2 - The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – to prevent the
eradication of the diversity of biological species
Alisha
5
6. CONFERENCE ON HUMAN ENVIRONMENT,
STOCKHOLM 1972
BRUNTLAND COMMISSION, OUR COMMON
FUTURE 1987
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT
AND DEVELOPMENT AKA EARTH SUMMIT,RIO DE
JANEIRO 1992
EARTH SUMMIT +5, NEW YORK 1997
WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,
JOHANNESBURG 2002
RIO+20 OR THE EARTH SUMMIT 2012
Alisha
6
7. In 2012, the United Nations
Conference on Sustainable
Development was also held in
Rio, and is also commonly called
Rio+20
It was held from 13 to 22 June
Alisha 7
10. Disasters :
• Cause by earthquakes, floods, drought, hurricanes, tsunami
can have devastating impacts on people, environments and
economies.
• with a quickening pace of natural disasters taking a greater
toll on lives and property, and a higher degree of
concentration of human settlements, a smart future means
planning ahead and staying alert
Oceans :
• oceans and seas have been vital role for trade and transportation.
Careful management of this essential global resource is a key feature
of a sustainable future.
Alisha 10
15. An international environment treaty negotiated(bring out by
discussion) at the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3
to 14 June 1992
The objective of the treaty is to “stabilize greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous interference with the climate system”.
The UNFCC was adopted on 9 may 1992, and opened for
signature on 4 June 1992
On 12 June 1992, 154 nations signed the UNFCCC
The treaty itself set no binding limits on greenhouse gas
emissions for individual countries. In that sense, the treaty is
considered legally non-binding
Instead, the treaty provides a framework for negotiating
specific international treaties ( called “protocols”) that may set
binding limits on greenhouse gases.
The 20th COP took place in Peru in 2014.
Alisha
15
16. An important achievement was an agreement
on the climate change convention which in
turn led to the Kyoto protocol(that commits
State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions)
another agreement was to “not carry out any
activities on the lands of indigenous people
that would cause environmental degradation
or that would be culturally inappropriate”
Alisha 16
