Sanctions:Scope amd development

1. INTERNATIONAL LAW
UDITI UTTAM
BBA LLB (3A)
00251103521
2021-2026
SUBMITTED TO: MS. SREEDURGA T.N MA’AM
SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT OF
SANCTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE SANCTIONS?
 TYPES OF SANCTIONS
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 SCOPE OF SANCTIONS
 DEVELOPMENT OF SANCTIONS
 CASE STUDY
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE
SANCTIONS?
Sanctions are part of the measures allowed by international law for the settlement of
disputes between States. They are punitive or coercive actions taken in response to
violations of international law, human rights abuses, threats to peace and security, or
non-compliance with international norms and agreements. Sanctions can take various
forms, such as diplomatic measures, economic restrictions, financial penalties, arms
embargoes, travel bans, or legal sanctions.
Sanctions have different purposes:
•Conflict Resolution: Facilitate peaceful resolutions of disputes and conflicts.
•Human Rights: Punish perpetrators of human rights abuses and promote
accountability.
•Security: Prevent proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, and
aggression.
•Promotion of Peace: Contribute to regional and global stability by addressing threats
peace and security.
•Legal Compliance: Ensure compliance with international law and obligations.

4. TYPES OF SANCTION
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF SANCTION:
 DIPLOMATIC SANCTION- Diplomatic sanctions involve measures such as
recalling ambassadors, suspending diplomatic relations, or imposing travel
restrictions to influence or pressure a targeted country diplomatically.
 ECONOMIC SANCTION- Economic sanctions restrict trade, financial
transactions, or investments with the targeted country, including trade
embargoes, export/import restrictions, freezing assets, or imposing tariffs.
 MILITARY SANCTION- Military sanctions involve measures like arms
embargoes, restricting military aid or cooperation, or deploying military
forces to deter or punish aggressive actions by the targeted country.

5. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The modern concept emerged in the 20th century, notably after World War I,
with the League of Nations introducing economic and diplomatic sanctions
to address aggression and disputes between states.
The use of sanctions expanded during the Cold War era, with the United
Nations becoming a central authority for imposing multilateral sanctions to
promote peace, security, and human rights.
Sanctions continue to evolve as a tool for international diplomacy and
conflict resolution in the contemporary global landscape.

6. SCOPE OF SANCTIONS
Sanctions encompasses a diverse range of measures aimed at influencing,
deterring, or coercing states, entities, or individuals to comply with
international norms and obligations.
It includes diplomatic sanctions, which involve actions like recalling
ambassadors or suspending diplomatic ties. Economic sanctions restrict trade,
financial transactions, and investments, while financial sanctions freeze assets
or block financial interactions. Military sanctions can include arms embargoes
or restrictions on military cooperation.
The overarching goal is to promote peace, security, human rights, and legal
compliance on a global scale, although the effectiveness and impact of
sanctions can vary depending on factors such as international cooperation,
target resilience, and unintended consequences.

7. DEVELOPMENT OF SANCTIONS
Sanctions have evolved significantly over time. Initially used in antiquity for
limited purposes, the modern development of sanctions began in the 20th
century, notably with the League of Nations and its imposition of economic and
diplomatic measures to address aggression. The United Nations further
formalized and expanded the use of sanctions, particularly during the Cold
War, with a focus on promoting peace, security, and human rights.
Sanctions have since become a key tool in international diplomacy and conflict
resolution, with advancements in targeted sanctions, multilateral cooperation,
and legal frameworks.
However, challenges remain, including ensuring effectiveness, minimizing
unintended consequences, and balancing sanctions' humanitarian impact with
their intended objectives.

8. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, sanctions in international law represent a multi purpose tool
used to address violations of norms, promote peace, and ensure
compliance with legal obligations. While they have evolved significantly
over time, from ancient trade embargoes to modern multilateral measures,
their effectiveness remains subject to debate. Balancing strategic goals with
humanitarian concerns and ensuring cooperation among nations are crucial
factors for successful sanction implementation. Continued development and
refinement of sanctions frameworks are essential for their continued
relevance and efficacy in international relations.