Philosophy | Introduction | What is Philosophy | Branches of Philosophy | Philosophy vs. Science vs. Religion

1. Introduction to
Philosophy
Ali HaiderPresented By 1

2. 2
“Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact.
Everything we see is a perspective, not the
truth. "
~ Marcus Aurelius.
University of the Punjab, Lahore.

3. What is Philosophy?
• The Ancient Greek word “philosophia” was probably
coined by Pythagoras and literally means "love of
wisdom" or "friend of wisdom".
Philo Sophia 3University of the Punjab, Lahore.

4. Philosophy?
• Philosophy is the study of the general and fundamental
nature of reality, existence, knowledge, values,
reason, mind, and language.
Source: Wikipedia.org
4University of the Punjab, Lahore.

5. The Noticeable People
5University of the Punjab, Lahore.

6. Some Philosophical Questions
• What is good?
• What is beauty?
• Do we have free will?
• Does the world around us exist?
• What is a person?
• What is truth?
• What is evil?
• What is the relationship between mind and body?
• What is science?
• Does God exist?
• What is love?
6University of the Punjab, Lahore.

7. Branches in Philosophy
University of the Punjab, Lahore.

8. Branches of Philosophy
• Philosophy, like most academic fields, actually consists of
several main branches.
• These branches themselves have sub-branches.
8PhilosophyUniversity of the Punjab, Lahore.

9. Metaphysics
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• Metaphysics is the study of the most
general features of reality, such as
existence, time, the relationship
between mind and body, objects
and their properties, wholes and
their parts, events, processes, and
causation.
University of the Punjab, Lahore.

10. Metaphysics (cont.)
Typical questions of interest
• What is reality?
• Is there anything very special about being a human being or being alive at all?
• What is space?
• What is time?
• What is a mind?
• What is a body?
• What is consciousness?
• Do people have souls?
• Is there a God who created the Universe?
10University of the Punjab, Lahore.

11. Epistemology
• Epistemology is concerned with
the nature and scope of
knowledge, such as the
relationships between truth,
belief, perception and theories
of justification.
11University of the Punjab, Lahore.

12. Epistemology (cont.)
Typical questions of interest
o What is knowledge?
o How can we know anything?
o What is science?
o What is truth?
12University of the Punjab, Lahore.

13. Logic
• Logic is the study of the principles of
correct reasoning.
• Arguments use either deductive
reasoning or inductive reasoning.
13University of the Punjab, Lahore.

14. Logic (cont.)
Typical questions of interest
o How can we reason correctly?
o How does the truth of an argument's premise affect the truth
of its conclusion?
o What do the words we use mean?
o How can we say things (especially ideas) in a way that only
has one meaning?
14University of the Punjab, Lahore.

15. Axiology
(Study of values)
Ethics
o Studies questions of how we should act.
Aesthetics
o Studies questions about art and beauty.
Social/Political Philosophy
o Studies questions of which political and/or economic
institutions are most fair.
15University of the Punjab, Lahore.

16. Axiology (cont.)
Typical questions of interest
o What has value?
o Is time really money? or have we made it so?
o Does love, beauty, or justice hold any value?
16University of the Punjab, Lahore.

17. 17University of the Punjab, Lahore.

18. Philosophy vs. Science
• Philosophy is like being in a dark room and looking for a
black cat.
• Science is like being in a dark room and looking for a black
cat with flashlight.
• What is Love? (Philosophy)
• What is weight ? (Science)
18University of the Punjab, Lahore.

19. Philosophy vs. Religions
19University of the Punjab, Lahore.

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End
University of the Punjab, Lahore.