Lesson 1 introduction of Human Philosophy

1. Philosophy
Lesson 1
By: Boss Q. Fader I, LPT

2. What is Philosophy
Philia
Sophia
Love
Wisdom

3. What is Philosophy
Love = Strong Desire for a particular objec
Wisdom = Correct application of KNOWLED

4. = Science that studies beings in their ultimate causes,
Reasons and principles through the aid of human reason
Alone.
Being/s = All things that exist: Material or Immaterial
The notions of:
GOD
SOUL
SPIRIT

5. Basic Questions of Philosophy
• What is the origin of the world of everything
that exist?
• Why do these things exist rather than not exist
at all?
• What is the meaning and purpose of life? Why
do we have to suffer?
• If one is suffering from an unbearable pain
such as cancer, is it morally right to resort to
euthanasia or assisted suicide?

6. Questions are more
important than answers
Because answers
themselves will in turn
become questions!

7. MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY
LOGIC ETHICS

8. METAPHYSICS
Meta
Beyond/after
Phy sika
Physical/nature
Study of things beyond the physical;
ncepts or things that cannot be experienced
GENERAL METAPHYSICS = ONTOLOGY
SPECIAL METAPHYSICS=
COSMOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY OR ANTHROPOLOGY
NATURAL THEOLOGY OR THEODICY
= Foundation of Philosophy
Metaphysics is
the first
Philosophy!
Aristotel

9. GENERAL METAPHYSICS
ONTO LOGOS
(Beings or that which is) (Knowledge or study)
=Studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons
and principles through the aid of reason alone
1. What is being?
2. Why do things exist, rather than not exist at all?
3. What is the meaning and nature of reality?
4. Is there nothing?
LOGOS is
REASON or
underlying
principles of all
that is
Heraclitus

10. SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
Kosmos = World/Universe
Logos = study
=Studies the World (or Universe)
Including its origin, dynamics, and characteristics,
as well as the laws that govern its order
1. What is the origin of the world?
2. What is the basic materials of which the world is formed?
3. Is the world or universe is infinite?

11. SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
Psyche = Soul/Mind
Logos = Study
Study of nature and dynamics
Of the human person as a whole
With emphasis on the way the person’s
Mind function and the way she behave
1. What is the nature of human person?
2. Is there such thing as human nature?
3. Is there life after death?

12. SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
Theos = GOD
= Study of God
= Justification of the goodness of God
In the face of the existence of evil
1. Is there God?
2. What and who is God, if he exist at all?
3. How do we prove the existence of God?
4. Does a belief in God really necessary?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1710 work: Theod Icee

13. LOGOS = studyEPISTEME= knowledge
Study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justify b
1. What is knowledge?
2. What do we know?
3. How is knowledge acquired?

14. Logos = Science of correct thinking
= study of the principles and
Criteria of a valid argument
= distinguish sound or good reasoning from
Unsound or bad reasoning
1. What is correct reasoning?
2. How can we detect fallacy in argument?
3. What are the criteria in determining the validity of an argument?

15. = ethos = custom or habit
Morality of human actions
How human person ought to act, and
search for a determination of a right conduct,
Good life.