B.Pharm and D.Pharm PCI Syllabus, Acidity, complications of acidity, symptoms of acidity, causes of acidity, antacids, systemic antacids, non-systemic antacids, types of non-systemic antacids,calcium-containing antacids,magnesium-containing antacids, aluminum-containing antacids, combination antacids, ideal characteristics of an antacid, why combination antacids are preferred, simethicone, popular brands of antacids, sodium bicarbonate, assay of sodium bicarbonate, medicinal uses of sodium bicarbonate, aluminum hydroxide, medicinal uses of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide mixture, milk of magnesia, medicinal uses of magnesium hydroxide. LET'S FIGHT COVID BY STAYING AT OUR HOME. USE THIS LINK TO GET YOUR MEDICINES DELIVERED AT YOUR HOME: http://medlifeinternational.go2cloud.org/aff_c?offer_id=60&aff_id=15560 Coupon Code: MLFIRST 18% off on medicines + 50% Paypal cashback Paypal max cashback up to Rs.500 on 1st transaction Free Delivery

1. ANTACIDS
Authored By:
Dr. Alex Martin
Ph.D, M.Pharm, FAGE

2. GASTRIC ACIDITY
High amounts of HCl in stomach is referred to as Gastric Acidity
SYMPTOMS
Abdominal pain Burping Bloating
Bad Breath
Heartburn
Gastric Reflux
Acidic state in mouth
Nausea Vomiting
Decreased appetite
Unexplained Weight Loss
Diarrhea
Gastric Ulcer Stomach Cancer

3. COMPLICATONS
CAUSES OF HIGH ACIDITY IN STOMACH

4. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTACIDS
1. Is converted into its soluble salts after being acted upon by stomach HCl.
3. Raises the pH above 4.
2. Acts as weak base, it neutralizes the gastric HCl.
4. Relives acidity and associated symptoms.
The efficiency of an antacid is determined by its neutralizing capacity.
Antacids should have minimum neutralizing capacity of 5 mEq of HCl
per unit dose.

5. Fine particle size.
Should not cause
systemic alkalosis.
Should not act as
laxative
Should not cause
constipation
Should not cause any
side effects
Stable and readily
available
Should not evolve
large quantities of
gas on reaction
with stomach HCl.
Should produce a
pH of 4 to 6
Gradual onset and
prolonged action
Should inhibit
pepsin
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ANTACID

6. SYSTEMIC ANTACIDS
Soluble in water
Readily absorbed through GIT to blood to produce
Systemic Alkalosis and Electrolytic alterations.
Suggested in conditions of acidemia (i.e. pH of blood is below 7.35).
CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis, loss of bicarbonate ions through diarrhea
and vomiting.
NON-SYSTEMIC ANTACIDS
They produce local action by neutralizing stomach HCl.
They are not absorbed into bloodstream through
stomach and thus produce local action.
Antacids should be taken after meals to achieve
prolonged action.
I. Calcium Antacids II. Magnesium Antacids III. Aluminum Antacids

7. I. Calcium
containing
Antacids
II. Magnesium
containing
antacids
III. Aluminum
Containing
antacids
IV. Combination
Antacids
i) Calcium
carbonate
ii) Tribasic
Calcium
phosphate
i) Magnesium
Carbonate
ii) Magnesium
hydroxide
iii) Magnesium
phosphate
iv) Magnesium
oxide
v) Magnesium
citrate
vi) Magnesium
trisilicate
i) Aluminium
hydroxide
ii) Aluminium
phosphate
iii) Aluminium
carbonate gel
iv) Aluminum
Phosphate
v)
Dihydroxyalumini
um sodium
carbonate
vi)
Dihydroxyalumini
um aminoacetate
i) Aluminium
hydroxide gel +
Magnesium
hydroxide
ii) Aluminuim
hydroxide gel +
Magnesium
trisilicate
iii) Simethicone
containing antacids
iv) Calcium
Carbonate
containing antacids
v) Magaldrate:
Monoalium hydrate
+ hydrated
magnesium
aluminate

8. Simethicone is also used as an
additive in many antacids.

9. FAMOUS BRANDS AND THEIR INGREDIENTS
1. GELUSIL
Ingredients : Al(OH)2 +
Mg(OH)2 + Simethicone
2. DIGENE
Ingredients : Al(OH)2 +
Mg(OH)2 +
Simethicone + Sodium
carboxy
methylcellulose
SODIUM BICARBONATE
Physical Properties

10. MEDICINAL USES OF SODIUM BICARBONATE
1. SYSTEMIC ANTACID
Indicated in:-
1. Loss of Bicarbonate ion due to diarrhea/vomiting
2. Chronic Kidney Disease/ Dialysis
3. Diabetic ketoacidosis
2. NON-SYSTEMIC ANTACID
It provides quickest relief from stomach acidity. However, it is rapidly
absorbed into the bloodstream where it produces alkalosis.
As action is not prolonged, it is generally not used for this purpose

11. 3. GASTRIC LAVAGE AND LAXATIVE
4. HYPERKALEMIA
5. AS AN ANTIDOTE
6. AS ADDITIVE IN LOCAL ANAESTHETICS AND COMPONENT IN MOFFET’S SOLUTION
In Moffet’s Solution(used prior to nasal surgeries)

12. ASSAY OF SODIUM BICARBONATE
PRINCIPLE: ACID-BASE TITRATION (ACIDIMETRY)
1.5 g NaHCO3 + 50 ml CO2
free water + Indicator
(Methyl orange)
1 M HCl solution
REACTION:
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H20

13. COLOUR
CHANGE
Methyl Orange in Basic solution
(YELLOW)
Methyl Orange in Mildly Acidic Solution
(ORANGE)
Ionized
Methyl
orange
Non-ionized methyl
orange

14. Repeat Titration to get concordant value.
Calculate the percentage purity of NAHCO3 by following equation:
% purity = Titre Value x Normality of HCl x Eq. Wt. Factor x 100
Sample Weight
Colourless
Odourless
Insoluble in water
Soluble in acidic/ alkaline
solutions
M.P. = 300°C
Amorphous powder

15. MEDICINAL VALUE OF ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
1. AS AN ANTACID
Al(OH)3 gel neutralizes the acid in the stomach. Thereby, it relieves
acidity, heartburn and abdominal discomfort.
However, because it inhibits smooth muscle cell
contraction of GIT/ Peristalsis, it can result in
constipation.

16. 3. AS VACCINE ADJUANT
2. HYPERPHOSPHOTEMIA
In this condition, excess of phosphates builds up in the
blood due to insufficient excretion of phosphates from
kidneys.
Al(OH)3 is used as phosphate binder in hyperphosphotemia.
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
Color: Silvery white Slightly soluble in water
Density: 2.345 g/cm3
Forms MgO when
heated to 360°C
Odorless

17. 1. Extemporaneous
preparation/ Readily
available
Light Magnesium Oxide
2. Also known as Milk of Magnesia
2. As a laxative, for relief from occasional constipation
3. Owing to its ability to adsorb water, it is used as an antiperspirant in
talcum powders

18. THANK YOU….