immunity types and description about vaccines and sera

1. IMMUNOLOGICAL
PRODUCT…
Presented by
Akshay M. Akotkar
Asst. Professor
Dept. Of Pharmaceutics
V.C.O.P.College of Pharmacy, Anjangaon, surji

32. Antisera
 Antiserum is human or nonhuman blood serum
containing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
that is used to spread passive immunity to many
diseases via blood donation
 Antiserums are produced in animals (e.g., horse,
sheep, ox, rabbit)
WHAT IS MEANING
Serum is the fluid and solute component of blood which does
not play a role in clotting. It may be defined as blood plasma
without fibrinogens. ... Serum does not contain white blood
cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets, or
clotting factors. The study of serum is serology.

33. HOW TO MAKE
an antiserum is made by injecting an antigen into an
animal, most commonly a rabbit or a chicken (sometimes
to bypass the problems of tolerance) but also hamsters,
rats, goats, and even cows. The quality of
the antisera produced will be determined in part by the
quality of the antigen selected.

34. Toxoid
A toxoid is an inactivated toxin whose toxicity has been
suppressed either by chemical or heat treatment, while
other properties, typically immunogenicity, are
maintained. Toxins are secreted by bacteria, whereas
toxoids are altered form of toxins; toxoids are not
secreted by bacteria.
Toxoid vaccines use a toxin (harmful product) made by the
germ that causes a disease. They create immunity to the parts
of the germ that cause a disease instead of the germ itself.
That means the immune response is targeted to the toxin
instead of the whole germ.