sample presentation

1. Nanocellulose
Guided By:
Dr. Siddharth Jain
(Associate Professor)
Mechanical Engineering
Department
Submitted By:
Ajeet kumar Saini
Project on

2.  Stands for : Municipal solid Waste:
 Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United
States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are
discarded by the public.
 "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the
two are sometimes collected separately.
 Municipal solid waste includes commercial and domestic wastes generated in
municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial
hazardous
 Municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 -01
 Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to
do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and
managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology
'municipal.'
MSW

3. Collected Municipal Solid Waste

4. Components of Municipal Solid
Waste Management
RECYCLING:
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new
materials and objects.
 COMPOSTING:
Process of decomposing the wate materials into organic
product.
WASTE TO ENERGY (VIA INCENERATION):
Burning of waste.

5. Biomass comes from a variety
of sources which include:
• Wood from natural forests
• Forestry residues (old leaves )
• Agricultural residues
/Agricultural wastes (leaves
,hay)
• Agro -industrial wastes, such
as sugarcane bagasse and rice
husk
• Municipal solid wastes (MSW)
• Food processing wastes
Biomass

6. Source of Biomass

8. MSWCONVERSIONTECHNOLOGIES-
. Biological treatment technologies
The biodegradable MSW fraction has a high potential for energy
production.
 Biological treatment technologies (BTT) are designed and engineered
for natural biological process working with the organic rich fraction of
MSW.
 These treatments are divided into two different processes according
to the conditions in which happen: the aerobic process or composting
(in the presence of oxygen) and the anaerobic process (in the absence
of oxygen).
 The main product of the anaerobic process is a combustible gas which
is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
 This process requires less energy than the aerobic process and creates
much lower amounts of biological heat. The biodegradable fraction is
converted into a fuel known as biogas.
This biogas is burned to produce heat and/or electrical energy.

10. THERMAL TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES-
 Pyrolysis -
 Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of solid waste
in the absence of oxygen.
 External heat is required to maintain the
temperature between 300 to 800 °C, depending on
the materials used in the process.
 In this technology, waste needs to be pre-treated.
So, it requires the mechanical separation of glass,
metals and inert materials.

11. GASIFICATION-
 The Gasification process to produce
energy from waste has been developed
over the last three decades.
 This bioprocess involves partial
oxidation and its main product is fuel
gas.
 Gasification can reduce the waste
mass by 70% and over 90% of the
volume of waste.

12. TORREFACTION-
• Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment of
biomass at 200 to 320 °C (392 to 608ºF).
• It is carried out under atmospheric pressure and
in the absence of oxygen, i.e. with no air.
• During the torrefaction process, the water
contained in the biomass as well as superfluous
volatiles are released, and the biopolymers
(cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) partly
decompose, giving off various types of volatiles.
• The final product is the remaining solid, dry,
blackened materialthat is referred to as torrefied
biomass or bio-coal.

13. Nanocellulose

14. Examples of Raw Material From which Cellulose Is
Obtained

15. METHODS
Isolation of cellulose
Preparation of nano-cellulose

16. NC Properties
Lightweight
Stiffer than Kevlar
Electrically conductive
Non-toxic
The crystalline form is transparent, and gas impermeable
It can be produced in large quantities in a cost-effective manner
It has a veryhigh tensile strength- 8 times that of steel
It is highly absorbent when used as a basis for aerogels or foams.
The raw material - cellulose - is the most abundant polymer on
earth

17. NC
Application
Paints
Hydrogel
Pakaging
Composites
Paper & pulp
Filtration
Construction

18. S.N
O.
AUTHOR
NAME
WORK APPROACH WORK RATING
1. Ass. Professor
Joachim loo
How nanocellulose can
bind and trap flat
molecules known as
triglycerides.
Three types of
nanocellulose were
compared to
comercially available fat
reducing options and
these performed better.
Patent granted by
U.S, jointly filed by
Harvard and PTU.
2. Tubark, synder,
sand berg
Coined the term
nanocellulose.
Described a product
prepared as a gel type
material by passing
weed pulp through a
Gaulin type milk at high
temperature and
pressure followed by
ejection impact
againmst a hard
surface.

19. S.N
O.
AUTHOR
NAME
WORK APPROACH
3. Mindauges
bulota
Composites made of
PLA ( polyclactic acid )
& cellulose.
Observed that a small
amount of cellulose
impares toughness of
PLA.
4. Ufuk Modified
nanocellulose
bioadsorbant for
enhanced recovery of
BORAN.
Kinetic evaluations
determined the pseudo
2nd order model to best
describe the recovery
process with majority of
the adsorption occuring
via interparticle
diffusion.
5. Douglas M.FOX Simultaneously
tailoring surface
energies and thermal
stabilities of cellulose
nanocrystals.
Ion exchange process to
replace Na+ with
phosphoniam cations,
the surface energy as
altered, thermal
stability is increased.

20. S.N
O.
AUTHOR
NAME
WORK APPROACH WORK RATING
6. Martin chiang Lighten the heaviest of
objects, to replace
synthatic materials.
Plastics currently are
reinforced with filless
made of steel, carbon
or glass. Cellulose nano
crystals are
onenvironment friendly
filler, It will lessen the
weight of materials
which will reduce
energy.

21. Gaps
Problem of municipal solid waste
Problem of rice crop residue.
Researcher now converting waste into
energy.
Not a very prominent technology
Chance of enhancement
Very less work has been reported on
Nanocellulose extraction from waste
biomass specially from algae & rice straw

22.  Problem of storing.
 Possibility of degradation.
 Bilogical attack of fungi.
 Low impact strength.
 Hydrophillic.
 Sensitive of humidity.
 UV resistant.
 Flamability resistance.

23. Objective
Extraction of Nanocellulose From Waste
Biomass
&
Analysis of Properties of Composite
Made of extrated cellulose

24. Literature Review
Gaps & Objective
Selection of Process Parameter
Sample collection
Sample Preparation
Experimental setup & Procurement
Experiments
Result analysis
Conclusion
Methodology