The document discusses several theories of leadership, including trait theory, behavioral theory, and situational theory. Trait theory, proposed in the 19th century, focused on identifying talents and characteristics of leaders. However, traits alone do not guarantee effective leadership. Behavioral theory examines how leadership style and behaviors can be learned. Situational theory emphasizes that the appropriate leadership style depends on circumstances. Early research identified three styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire, finding democratic leadership is typically most effective.

2. “ If your actions inspire
others to dream more,
learn more, do more and
become more, you are a
leader”
John Quincy Adams

3. Academic View
 Leadership is about coping with change.
 The ability to influence a group towards the
achievement of common goals.
 A relationship between people in which
influence and power are unevenly distributed.

4. Practitioner Views
 Leadership is organizing, inspiring, and driving
a group to achieve results beyond their
expectations. (Michael Dell)
 Leadership is taking a group of people in a
new direction or to higher levels of
performance than they would have achieved
without you.

5. Trait Theory
(Thomas Carlyle, nineteenth Century)
 Identify talents, skills and characteristics of men.
 Focuses on personal characteristics
 Leaders seen as different from the average person.
 Traits and effective leadership not highly correlated.

6.  By Thomas Carlyle, nineteenth Century.
1. TRAIT THEORY
2. BEHAVIORAL THEORY
3. SITUATIONAL THEORY

7. Limitations of Trait Theory
Do traits lead to effective leadership or does
effective leadership lead to traits?
Traits do not guarantee effective leadership.
Situation may limit the validity of traits.
Traits predict the appearance of leadership, not its
effectiveness.

8. Traits that predict effective leadership
 Motivation
 Ambition, energy, stubbornness, rigidness
 Honesty and integrity
 Self-confidence
 Cognitive ability
 Content knowledge

9. Behavioral Theories
 Behavioral style determines leadership effectiveness.
 According to this theory, people can learn to become
leaders through teaching and observation and certain
behavioral patterns may be identified as leadership
styles.
 It assumes that leadership capability can be learned,
rather than being inherent.

10. Situational Theories
 Circumstances determine appropriate behavior.
 Appropriate style is conditional on the situation.
 Considers traits, behavioral and situational
approaches to create compliance.

11. Early research by Kurt Lewin 1938 focused on
three styles:
-Autocratic (Authoritarian) –Team under Command.
-Democratic (Participative) - Team input.
-Laissez-faire (Freedom/ Delegative)- Total Team
Freedom

13.  Authoritarian leaders, also known as autocratic
leaders.
 Provide clear expectations for what needs to be
done when it should be done, and how it should be
done.
 This style of leadership is strongly focused on both
command by the leader and control of the followers.
 There is also a clear division between the leader and
the members.
 Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently
with little or no input from the rest of the group.

14.  Lewin’s study found that participative leadership, also
known as democratic leadership, is typically the most
effective leadership style.
 Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members,
but they also participate in the group and allow input
from other group members.
 Group members feel engaged in the process and are
more motivated and creative.
 Democratic leaders tend to make followers feel like
they are an important part of the team, which helps
foster commitment to the goals of the group.

15.  Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to
group members and leave decision-making up to
group members.
 While this style can be useful in situations involving
highly qualified experts, it often leads to poorly
defined roles and a lack of motivation.
 Lewin noted that laissez-faire leadership tended to
result in groups that lacked direction where
members blamed each other for mistakes, refused to
accept personal responsibility, and produced a lack
of progress and work.

16.  The best qualities of good leaders are:
1. Vision - Good business leaders create a vision.
2. Courage - Willingness to take risks in the achievement of
goals.
3. Integrity - The core of integrity is truthfulness
4. Humbleness – This allows you to acknowledge your
mistakes
5. Strategic planning – The ability to look ahead, to
anticipate.
6. Focus - Leaders focus on results
7. Cooperation - Ability to get everyone working and pulling
together

17.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_contin
ue=109&v=SibhtyuSh3M

18.  9 Ways to Develop Your Leadership Skills
1. Practice discipline - A good leader needs discipline.
2. Take on more projects - A great way to develop your
leadership skills is to take on more responsibility. ...
3. Learn to follow.
4. Develop situational awareness.
5. Inspire others.
6. Keep learning.
7. Conflict Management.
8. Be a Good listener.