Interview and Observation

1. Focus Group
Interviews
Usually consist
of 4 to 8 people
to think about a
series of
questions.

2. Submitted to:
Prof. Agnes Montalbo
Rizal Technological University

3. The objective of
this interview is to
get at what people
really think about
an issue or issues
in a social context.

4. Focus Group
Interview is not a
discussion. Neither is
it a problem solving
session, nor is it a
decision- making
group.

5. Recording
Interview Data
A tape recorder is
often considered an
indispensible part of
any Qualitative
Researchers
equipment.

6. Tape recorders do not
‘tune out’
conversations,
change what has
been said because of
interpretation

7. Record words more
slowly than they are
spoken.
Using tape recorder
does not eliminate the
need for taking notes.

8. Notes can serve at
least two purpose
1. Notes taken during
the interview can
help the interviewer
formulate new
questions

9. 2. Taking notes about
what is said will
facilitate later
analysis, including
locating important
quotations from the
tape itself.

10. Ethics in
Interviewing: The
necessity for
informed consent

11. In depth interviews
ask participants to
reveal much about
their lives.
Participants deserve
to be protected from
such vulnerability.

12. It is ethically desirable
in this instance for
interviewers to require
participants to sign an
informed consent form

13. Validity and
Reliability in
Qualitative
Research

14. Validity refers to the
appropriateness,
meaningfulness and
usefulness of the
inferences researches
make based on the
data they collect.

15. Reliability refers
to the consistency
of these inferences
over time, location,
and
circumstances.

16. Procedures for checking on
or enhancing validity and
reliability include the
following:

17. Using a variety of
instruments to collect data.
- when a conclusion is
supported by data collected
from a number of different
instruments, its validity is
thereby enhanced.

18. Checking one
informant’s descriptions
of something against
another informant’s
description of the same
thing.

19. Learning to
understand and,
where appropriate,
speak the vocabulary
of the group being
studied.

20. Writing down the
questions asked
(in addition to
the answers
received).

21. Recording
personal thoughts
while conducting
observations and
interviews.

22. Asking one or more
participants in the
study to review the
accuracy of the
research report.

23. Obtaining an
individual outside
of the study to
review and
evaluate the report

24. Documenting the
sources of
remarks whenever
possible and
appropriate

25. Documenting the
basis for inferences
- Draw conclusion
about something
by using info. That
you have

26. Describing the
context in which
questions are asked
and situations are
observed.

27. Using audiotapes
and video tapes
when possible and
appropriate

28. Drawing conclusions
based on one’s
understanding of the
situations being
observes and then
acting on it

29. Interviewing individuals
more than once.
- Inconsistencies over time
in what the same
individual reports may
suggest the he/she is
unreliable informant.

30. Observing the
setting or situation
of interest over a
period of time