TIME EXPRESIONS - PRESET PERFECT

1. TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PRESENT PERFECT
ALREADY, EVER, NEVER, JUST, YET.
EVER = ALGUNA VEZ / Questions
Have / Has + Personal Pronoun + ever + Verb Past Participle + complement?
 Have you ever been to England? = ¿Alguna vez has estado en Inglaterra?
 Has she ever met the President? = ¿Alguna vez ha conocido al Presidente?
 Haven’t they ever played soccer? = ¿Alguna vez ellos no han jugado fútbol?
Have you ever broken a cup?
Yes, I have broken a cup. / No, I have not. / No, I have never broken a cup.
JUST = ACABAR DE - APENAS. (RECIENTEMENTE) – Affirmative Sentences
Personal Pronoun + (have – has) + JUST + Verb Past Participle + complement.
 I have just finished my homework.
 My father has just eaten his breakfast.
 I have just called her.
 They have just announced the list.
 I have just left my job.
 He has just drunk coffee.
 Her husband has just changed the diaper of her son.

2. NEVER = NUNCA
Affirmative Sentences = NOT – N’T
Subject + Has / Have + NEVER + Verb Past Participle + complement
 I have never watched the fast and furious movies.
Yo NUNCA he visto las películas de RF
 My brother has never drunk gin.
Mi hermano NUNCA ha bebido gin
 I have never been to France. = Yo nunca he estado en Francia.
 I haven’t been to France= Yo no he estado en Francia.
No confundir NEVER con HAVE NOT.
Son dos cosas palabras distintas y no deben ir juntas en una misma oración.
I haven’t never been to France = Yo no nunca he estado en Francia. NOT OK
(No se puede negar dos veces una oración)

3. ALREADY = YA / Affirmative Sentences
Subject + Has – Have + ALREADY + Verb Past Participle + Complement
 We have already learnt that topic.
Nosotros YA hemos aprendido ese tema.
 Julian has already bought a new microphone.
Julian YA ha comprado un Nuevo micrófono
 Miss Chalán has already done her homework.
La señorita Chalán YA ha realizado sus deberes.
YET = NEGATIVE SENTENCES (AÚN – TODAVÍA) / QUESTIONS (YA)
(Tip: Siempre se lo escribe al final)
Negative Sentences:
Subject + auxiliary + verb past participle + complement + YET.
 She has not driven her new car yet. = Ella aún no ha conducido su carro Nuevo
 You have not written your essay yet. = Tú aún no has escrito tu ensayo.
Questions:
Have – Has + subject + verb past participle + complement + YET?
Have you done your homework yet? = ¿Ya has hecho tus tareas?
Sólo use ever (alguna vez) O yet (ya) en “Yes/No Questions”.
Al usarlas wh-question a pesar que la estructura gramatical está correcta, la pregunta
empieza carecer de sentido.