Wood biomass in Bosnia and Herzegovinastate of the art, current issues and challenges

1. Wood biomass in BiH
state of the art, current issues and
challenges
Dr. Admir Softic
Assistant Minister of Energy Sector

2. Total surface area: 51,209.2 km²
51,197 km² of land
12.2 km2 of sea
lowlands
24% hills
29% karst
42% mountains
5%
Relief: mainly hilly to mountainous;
average altitude is 500 meters
Seven river basins of surface water: Una, Vrbas,
Bosna, Drina, Sava, Neretva with Trebešnjica and
Cetina
75.5% - Black Seak catchment region
24.3% - Adriatic Sea catchment region
Sustainability challenge of BiH – sustainable use of natural resource

3. Sustainability challenge for BiH – energy production and
consumption
Source:
Source: https://goo.gl/jsSXto
The per capita emissions of CO2 eq: 5.18 tons (just over half of the EU average)
Compared to relative wealth, B&H’s emissions are almost four times higher than those of the EU
(i.e. For 2008, GHG emissions per unit of GDP were 1.59 kg CO2 eq. per EUR; EU average was 0.4 kg per EUR)
These statistics illustrate the economic and social situation of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
caught in the poverty trap with low emissions but even lower GDP per capita.
Source: Climate Change Adaptation and Low Emission Development Strategy for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013
78%
9%
9%
4%
Energy - energy conversion (thermal power plants, heating plants, transport) and industrial fuel combustion
Industrial Processes - mineral and metal production: production of cement, lime, ammonia, iron and steel, aluminum etc.
Agriculture – enteric fermentation, manure management etc.
Waste – solid waste disposal on land and wastewaters
Source: TNC, 2016
Share of emissions by sectors

4. • Forests and forest land in BiH encompass an area of around 53% of the territory of the country
•High biomass potential for energy/electricity generation
• Biomass in BiH participates with ca. 9% in total primary energy supply (theoretically, up to 14%)
• Non exploited residual wood/wood waste could supply heat to 130.000 households
• No Law on forestry in FBiH, not enough/clear developed in RS
• Efficient biomass value chain (from forests/wood proces. industry to the end user) not existing
• Biomass related business models and financing schemes not developed
• Biomass used primarily for household heating – unused potential for Combined Heating and Power
(CHP)
Key notes on BiH wood biomass sector

5. Bioenergy Joint Program
Agreement on Bioenergy Joint Program under the aegis of Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Relations of BiH of following three agencies and their projects:
• UNDP: Biomass Energy for Employment and Energy Security, financed by CzDA
• USAID: Energy Investment Activity
• GIZ: Promotion of Renewable Energy in B&H
Purpose of the Bioenergy Joint Program is to seek common solutions aimed at
improving overall situation in bioenergy sector in BiH.

6. Reliable data on potentials - key challenge for BiH energy
transition
➢Lack of reliable data on unused and available biomass potential for energy
purposes (and industrial use)
➢Data needed for evidenced-based decision-making for energy, forest and
agricultural policies, but also for private investors and local communities
➢Data assessment involved various public institutions of different sectors and
different levels (state, entity, cantonal, forest management areas and units,
municipalities) and requires an institutionalized communication flow
➢(Woody) biomass currently contributes with around 20-25% to the final energy
consumption and plays thus a significant role in the energy mix of BIH and should
therefore be constantly monitored

7. ➢ Wood is an important energy source, especially for heating
➢ BHAS Energy Balance 2015: Biomass = 15,3 % of total energy, of which 94,5% are used in households
➢ Important for definition of achievement of set renewable energy goals (40% RES of total final
energy consumption)
➢ Baseline value for 2009: 792 ktoe, reported for 2015 to Energy Community: 1.587 ktoe,
according to current EB: 491 ktoe
➢ → different values for biomass consumption lead to range of RES target achievement
between 25,1 and 41,5%
➢ Measurable/accurate estimation through applying the right survey methodology possible
➢ Household sector largest fuel wood consumer, but difficult to assess
Reliable data on potentials - key challenge for BiH energy
transition

8. FUELWOOD CONSUMPTION
Purchasing Structure
Source: Brosowski et al, 2019: Report on biomass
potentials monitoring in BiH

9. Core elements of biomass monitoring
Aim: TRANSPARENCY
Source: Brosowski et al, 2019: Report on biomass potentials monitoring in BiH
http://atlasbm.bhas.gov.ba/

10. Biomass Potential Monitoring BiH
Atlas
Spatial level Key information Biomass Year Bandwidth
> 15.000 display
options
Link to other outcomes

11. Biomass Potential Monitoring BiH
Results
10.4Million tonnes dry matter
per year TRUCK CHAIN
6,500 km

12. Biomass Potential Monitoring BiH
Results
UNUSED
11.6 -
14.7%
If currently unused potentials would be mobilised.
CURRENT
9.1% + =
FUTURE?
20.7 -
23.8%
Assumed Lower Heating Value 15-19 GJ/t dm
(Source Kaltschmitt et al. 2016)
=716 – 907 ktoe
Source: Brosowski et al, 2019: Report on biomass potentials monitoring in BiH

13. Unused potentials from
1. Annual increment of forests, that are currently not (cannot be) assessed →
need for investment into forest infrastructure
2. Forest residues: →Enabling sustainable utilization of forest residues needed
3. Residues from wood-processing industries →efficient biomass co-generation,
ca. 25 MWel or 160 GWhel (56,56 GWHel is NREAP target for 2020; current
installed capacity is 1,25 MW or 8GWh)
4. Agro-biomass residues: straw and prunings in orchards and vineyards → for
heat generation in district heating systems, ca. 1.000 GWh/aheat, ca. 210 Mwtherm
5. Animal waste (cattle, pork, poultry): → for biogas production, ca. 20 Mwel or
160GWhel (23.08 GWHel is NREAP target for 2020; current installed/under
construction capacity is 1.6 MW or 12.8 GWh)
Biomass Potential Monitoring BiH
Main Findings

14. • BH has a significant potential of biomass ressources for energy purposes.
• Exploitation od unused potential in agriculture for biogas power plants and in
wood-processing industry for CHP plants needs better support such as favorable
loans from entity development banks
• Further monitoring and cross-sectoral cooperation are needed to exploit the
potentials in a sustainable way.
• Transparent and continuous potential assessment (economic+sustainable) is
required to strategically plan future generation for all RE technologies
• Energy Transition is not just about producing clean energy, but can benefit other
sectors as well (agriculture, environmental protection, wood-processing
industries, forestry)
Biomass Potential Monitoring BiH
Conclusions for Energy Transition

15. How to improve current conditions for wood biomas usage in BiH
- institutional framework -

16. How to improve current conditions for wood biomas usage in BiH
- strategic framework -

17. How to improve current conditions for wood biomas usage in BiH
- legislative framework -

18. Sustainable utilization of wood biomass – multisectoral issue
environment
protection
Research
institutions
TechnologyBusiness
Public
administration
Wood
biomass & EE

19. Thank you.
Dr. Admir Softic
admir.softic@mvteo.gov.ba
Phone: +387 33 206 141