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Turning Intelligence into Action with MITRE ATT&CK
- 1. ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. Turning Intelligence into Action with MITRE ATT&CK™ Katie Nickels @likethecoins Adam Pennington @_whatshisface MITRE ATT&CK @MITREattack | 1 |
- 2. ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. What is ? A knowledge base of adversary behavior Ø Based on real-world observations Ø Free, open, and globally accessible Ø A common language Ø Community-driven
- 3. Summiting the Pyramid Source: David Bianco, https://detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html David Bianco’s Pyramid of Pain ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. TTPs Tools Network/ Host Artifacts Domain Names IP Addresses Hash Values •Tough! •Challenging •Annoying •Simple •Easy •Trivial
- 4. Impact Data Destruction Data Encrypted for Impact Defacement Disk Content Wipe Disk Structure Wipe Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation Command and Control Commonly Used Port Communication Through Removable Media Connection Proxy Custom Command and Control Protocol Custom Cryptographic Protocol Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multiband Communication Multi-hop Proxy Multilayer Encryption Multi-Stage Channels Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Remote File Copy Standard Application Layer Protocol Standard Cryptographic Protocol Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Uncommonly Used Port Web Service Exfiltration Automated Exfiltration Data Compressed Data Encrypted Data Transfer Size Limits Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Collection Audio Capture Automated Collection Clipboard Data Data from Information Repositories Data from Local System Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Lateral Movement AppleScript Application Deployment Software Distributed Component Object Model Exploitation of Remote Services Logon Scripts Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Windows Remote Management Credential Access Discovery Network Sniffing Account Manipulation Account Discovery Bash History Application Window DiscoveryBrute Force Credential Dumping Browser Bookmark DiscoveryCredentials in Files Credentials in Registry Domain Trust Discovery Exploitation for Credential Access File and Directory Discovery Network Service Scanning Forced Authentication Network Share Discovery Hooking Password Policy Discovery Input Capture Peripheral Device Discovery Input Prompt Permission Groups Discovery Kerberoasting Process Discovery Keychain Query Registry LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery Password Filter DLL System Information DiscoveryPrivate Keys Securityd Memory System Network Configuration Discovery Two-Factor Authentication Interception System Network Connections Discovery System Owner/User Discovery System Service Discovery System Time Discovery Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Execution Persistence Privilege Escalation Defense Evasion Scheduled Task Binary Padding Launchctl Access Token Manipulation Local Job Scheduling Bypass User Account Control LSASS Driver Extra Window Memory Injection Trap Process Injection AppleScript DLL Search Order Hijacking CMSTP Image File Execution Options Injection Command-Line Interface Plist Modification Compiled HTML File Valid Accounts Control Panel Items Accessibility Features BITS Jobs Dynamic Data Exchange AppCert DLLs Clear Command History Execution through API AppInit DLLs CMSTP Execution through Module Load Application Shimming Code Signing Dylib Hijacking Compiled HTML File Exploitation for Client Execution File System Permissions Weakness Component Firmware Hooking Component Object Model HijackingGraphical User Interface Launch Daemon InstallUtil New Service Control Panel Items Mshta Path Interception DCShadow PowerShell Port Monitors Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationRegsvcs/Regasm Service Registry Permissions Weakness Regsvr32 Setuid and Setgid Disabling Security Tools Rundll32 Startup Items DLL Side-Loading Scripting Web Shell Execution Guardrails Service Execution .bash_profile and .bashrc Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Exploitation for Defense Evasion Signed Binary Proxy Execution Account Manipulation Authentication Package SID-History Injection File Deletion Signed Script Proxy Execution BITS Jobs Sudo File Permissions ModificationBootkit Sudo Caching Source Browser Extensions File System Logical Offsets Space after Filename Change Default File Association Gatekeeper Bypass Third-party Software Group Policy Modification Trusted Developer Utilities Component Firmware Hidden Files and Directories User Execution Component Object Model Hijacking Hidden Users Windows Management Instrumentation Hidden Window Create Account HISTCONTROL Windows Remote Management External Remote Services Indicator Blocking Hidden Files and Directories Indicator Removal from ToolsXSL Script Processing Hypervisor Kernel Modules and Extensions Indicator Removal on Host Indirect Command Execution Launch Agent Install Root Certificate LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition InstallUtil Login Item Launchctl Initial Access Drive-by Compromise Exploit Public-Facing Application External Remote Services Hardware Additions Replication Through Removable Media Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts Breaking Down ATT&CK Tactics: the adversary’s technical goals Techniques:howthegoalsare achieved | 4 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. Procedures: Specific technique implementation
- 5. Technique: Spearphishing Attachment ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 5 |
- 6. Technique: Spearphishing Attachment ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 6 |
- 7. Technique: Spearphishing Attachment ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 7 |
- 8. Technique: Spearphishing Attachment ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 8 |
- 9. Group: APT29 ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 9 |
- 10. Group: APT29 ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 10 |
- 11. Group: APT29 ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 11 |
- 12. ATT&CK Use Cases | 12 | Threat Intelligence processes = search Process:Create reg = filter processes where (exe == "reg.exe" and parent_exe == "cmd.exe") cmd = filter processes where (exe == "cmd.exe" and parent_exe != "explorer.exe"") reg_and_cmd = join (reg, cmd) where (reg.ppid == cmd.pid and reg.hostname == cmd.hostname) output reg_and_cmd Detection Adversary Emulation Assessment and Engineering ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. Use ATT&CK for Adversary Emulation and Red Teaming The best defense is a well-tested defense. ATT&CK provides a common adversary behavior framework based on threat intelligence that red teams can use to emulate specific threats. This helps cyber defenders find gaps in visibility, defensive tools, and processes—and then fix them. Legend Low Priority High Priority Finding Gaps in Defense Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts Dynamic Data Exchange Execution through API Execution through Module Load Exploitation for Client Execution Graphical User Interface InstallUtil Launchctl Local Job Scheduling LSASS Driver Mshta PowerShell Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rundll32 Scheduled Task Scripting Service Execution Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution Source Space after Filename Third-party Software Trap Trusted Developer Utilities User Execution Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Remote Management XSL Script Processing Application Shimming Authentication Package BITS Jobs Bootkit Browser Extensions Change Default File Association Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Create Account DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking External Remote Services File System Permissions Weakness Hidden Files and Directories Hooking Hypervisor Image File Execution Options Injection Kernel Modules and Extensions Launch Agent Launch Daemon Launchctl LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition Local Job Scheduling Login Item Logon Scripts LSASS Driver Modify Existing Service Netsh Helper DLL New Service Office Application Startup Path Interception Plist Modification Port Knocking Port Monitors Rc.common Re-opened Applications Redundant Access Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Scheduled Task Screensaver Security Support Provider Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid Shortcut Modification SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Startup Items System Firmware Systemd Service Time Providers Trap Valid Accounts Web Shell Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription Winlogon Helper DLL Bypass User Account Control DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Extra Window Memory Injection File System Permissions Weakness Hooking Image File Execution Options Injection Launch Daemon New Service Path Interception Plist Modification Port Monitors Process Injection Scheduled Task Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid SID-History Injection Startup Items Sudo Sudo Caching Valid Accounts Web Shell CMSTP Code Signing Compile After Delivery Compiled HTML File Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Control Panel Items DCShadow Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Disabling Security Tools DLL Search Order Hijacking DLL Side-Loading Execution Guardrails Exploitation for Defense Evasion Extra Window Memory Injection File Deletion File Permissions Modification File System Logical Offsets Gatekeeper Bypass Group Policy Modification Hidden Files and Directories Hidden Users Hidden Window HISTCONTROL Image File Execution Options Injection Indicator Blocking Indicator Removal from Tools Indicator Removal on Host Indirect Command Execution Install Root Certificate InstallUtil Launchctl LC_MAIN Hijacking Masquerading Modify Registry Mshta Network Share Connection Removal NTFS File Attributes Obfuscated Files or Information Plist Modification Port Knocking Process Doppelgänging Process Hollowing Process Injection Redundant Access Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rootkit Rundll32 Scripting Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Software Packing Space after Filename Template Injection Timestomp Trusted Developer Utilities Valid Accounts Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Web Service XSL Script Processing Credentials in Registry Exploitation for Credential Access Forced Authentication Hooking Input Capture Input Prompt Kerberoasting Keychain LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Network Sniffing Password Filter DLL Private Keys Securityd Memory Two-Factor Authentication Interception Network Service Scanning Network Share Discovery Network Sniffing Password Policy Discovery Peripheral Device Discovery Permission Groups Discovery Process Discovery Query Registry Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery System Information Discovery System Network Configuration Discovery System Network Connections Discovery System Owner/User Discovery System Service Discovery System Time Discovery Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Windows Remote Management Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multi-hop Proxy Multi-Stage Channels Multiband Communication Multilayer Encryption Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Remote File Copy Standard Application Layer Protocol Standard Cryptographic Protocol Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Uncommonly Used Port Web Service Control Channel Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation AppleScript Application Deployment Software Distributed Component Object Model Exploitation of Remote Services Logon Scripts Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Windows Remote Management Commonly Used Port Communication Through Removable Media Connection Proxy Custom Command and Control Protocol Custom Cryptographic Protocol Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multiband Communication Multi-hop Proxy Multilayer Encryption Multi-Stage Channels Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Remote File Copy Standard Application Layer Protocol Standard Cryptographic Protocol Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Uncommonly Used Port Web Service Automated Exfiltration Data Compressed Data Encrypted Data Transfer Size Limits Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Data Destruction Data Encrypted for Impact Defacement Disk Content Wipe Disk Structure Wipe Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation Audio Capture Automated Collection Clipboard Data Data from Information Repositories Data from Local System Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Drive-by Compromise Exploit Public-Facing Application External Remote Services Hardware Additions Replication Through Removable Media Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts AppleScript CMSTP Command-Line Interface Compiled HTML File Control Panel Items Dynamic Data Exchange Execution through API Execution through Module Load Exploitation for Client Execution Graphical User Interface InstallUtil Mshta PowerShell Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rundll32 Scripting Service Execution Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution Source Space after Filename Third-party Software Trusted Developer Utilities DLL Search Order Hijacking Image File Execution Options Injection Plist Modification Valid Accounts Accessibility Features AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Dylib Hijacking File System Permissions Weakness Hooking Launch Daemon New Service Path Interception Port Monitors Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid Startup Items Web Shell .bash_profile and .bashrc Account Manipulation Authentication Package BITS Jobs Bootkit Browser Extensions Change Default File Association Component Firmware BITS Jobs Clear Command History CMSTP Code Signing Compiled HTML File Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Control Panel Items DCShadow Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Disabling Security Tools DLL Side-Loading Execution Guardrails Exploitation for Defense Evasion File Deletion File Permissions Modification File System Logical Offsets Gatekeeper Bypass Group Policy Modification Hidden Files and Directories Hidden Users Exploitation for Privilege Escalation SID-History Injection Sudo Sudo Caching Scheduled Task Binary Padding Network Sniffing Launchctl Local Job Scheduling LSASS Driver Trap Access Token Manipulation Bypass User Account Control Extra Window Memory Injection Process Injection Account Manipulation Bash History Brute Force Credential Dumping Credentials in Files Credentials in Registry Exploitation for Credential Access Forced Authentication Hooking Input Capture Input Prompt Kerberoasting Keychain LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Password Filter DLL Private Keys Securityd Memory Two-Factor Authentication Interception Account Discovery Application Window Discovery Browser Bookmark Discovery Domain Trust Discovery File and Directory Discovery Network Service Scanning Network Share Discovery Password Policy Discovery Peripheral Device Discovery Permission Groups Discovery Process Discovery Query Discovery Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery System Information Discovery System Network Configuration Discovery System Network Connections Discovery System Owner/User Discovery System Service Discovery System Time Discovery Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Use ATT&CK for Cyber Threat Intelligence Cyber threat intelligence comes from many sources, including knowledge of past incidents, commercial threat feeds, information-sharing groups, government threat-sharing programs, and more. ATT&CK gives analysts a common language to communicate across reports and organizations, providing a way to structure, compare, and analyze threat intelligence. Use ATT&CK to Build Your Defensive Platform ATT&CK includes resources designed to help cyber defenders develop analytics that detect the techniques used by an adversary. Based on threat intelligence included in ATT&CK or provided by analysts, cyber defenders can create a comprehensive set of analytics to detect threats. Get Started with ATT&CK Legend APT28 APT29 Both Comparing APT28 to APT29 we've chosen 12 of those data sources to show the techniques each of them might be able to detect with the right colle analytics. Check out our website at attack.mitre.org for more information on how each technique can be detected, and adversary examples you can use to start detecting adversary behavior with ATT&CK. You can visualize how your own data sources map to adversary behavior with ATT&CK. Read our blog post at bit.ly/ATT learn how we generated this diagram, check out the code, and begin building your own diagrams from ATT&CK conten Initial Access Drive-by Compromise Exploit Public-Facing Application External Remote Services Hardware Additions Replication Through Removable Media Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts Execution AppleScript CMSTP Command-Line Interface Compiled HTML File Control Panel Items Dynamic Data Exchange Execution through API Execution through Module Load Exploitation for Client Execution Graphical User Interface InstallUtil Launchctl Local Job Scheduling LSASS Driver Mshta PowerShell Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rundll32 Scheduled Task Scripting Service Execution Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution Source Space after Filename Third-party Software Trap Trusted Developer Utilities User Execution Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Remote Management XSL Script Processing Persistence .bash_profile and .bashrc Accessibility Features Account Manipulation AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Authentication Package BITS Jobs Bootkit Browser Extensions Change Default File Association Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Create Account DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking External Remote Services File System Permissions Weakness Hidden Files and Directories Hooking Hypervisor Image File Execution Options Injection Kernel Modules and Extensions Launch Agent Launch Daemon Launchctl LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition Local Job Scheduling Login Item Logon Scripts LSASS Driver Modify Existing Service Netsh Helper DLL New Service Office Application Startup Path Interception Plist Modification Port Knocking Port Monitors Rc.common Re-opened Applications Redundant Access Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Scheduled Task Screensaver Security Support Provider Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid Shortcut Modification SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Startup Items System Firmware Systemd Service Time Providers Trap Valid Accounts Web Shell Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription Winlogon Helper DLL Privilege Escalation Access Token Manipulation Accessibility Features AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Bypass User Account Control DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Extra Window Memory Injection File System Permissions Weakness Hooking Image File Execution Options Injection Launch Daemon New Service Path Interception Plist Modification Port Monitors Process Injection Scheduled Task Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid SID-History Injection Startup Items Sudo Sudo Caching Valid Accounts Web Shell Defense Evasion Access Token Manipulation Binary Padding BITS Jobs Bypass User Account Control Clear Command History CMSTP Code Signing Compile After Delivery Compiled HTML File Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Control Panel Items DCShadow Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Disabling Security Tools DLL Search Order Hijacking DLL Side-Loading Execution Guardrails Exploitation for Defense Evasion Extra Window Memory Injection File Deletion File Permissions Modification File System Logical Offsets Gatekeeper Bypass Group Policy Modification Hidden Files and Directories Hidden Users Hidden Window HISTCONTROL Image File Execution Options Injection Indicator Blocking Indicator Removal from Tools Indicator Removal on Host Indirect Command Execution Install Root Certificate InstallUtil Launchctl LC_MAIN Hijacking Masquerading Modify Registry Mshta Network Share Connection Removal NTFS File Attributes Obfuscated Files or Information Plist Modification Port Knocking Process Doppelgänging Process Hollowing Process Injection Redundant Access Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rootkit Rundll32 Scripting Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Software Packing Space after Filename Template Injection Timestomp Trusted Developer Utilities Valid Accounts Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Web Service XSL Script Processing Credential Access Account Manipulation Bash History Brute Force Credential Dumping Credentials in Files Credentials in Registry Exploitation for Credential Access Forced Authentication Hooking Input Capture Input Prompt Kerberoasting Keychain LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Network Sniffing Password Filter DLL Private Keys Securityd Memory Two-Factor Authentication Interception Discovery Account Discovery Application Window Discovery Browser Bookmark Discovery Domain Trust Discovery File and Directory Discovery Network Service Scanning Network Share Discovery Network Sniffing Password Policy Discovery Peripheral Device Discovery Permission Groups Discovery Process Discovery Query Registry Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery System Information Discovery System Network Configuration Discovery System Network Connections Discovery System Owner/User Discovery System Service Discovery System Time Discovery Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Lateral Movement AppleScript Application Deployment Software Distributed Component Object Model Exploitation of Remote Services Logon Scripts Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Windows Remote Management Collection Audio Capture Automated Collection Clipboard Data Data from Information Repositories Data from Local System Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Command And Control Commonly Used Port Communication Through Removable Media Connection Proxy Custom Command and Control Protocol Custom Cryptographic Protocol Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multi-hop Proxy Multi-Stage Channels Multiband Communication Multilayer Encryption Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Remote File Copy Standard Application Layer Protocol Standard Cryptographic Protocol Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Uncommonly Used Port Web Service Exfiltration Automated Exfiltration Data Compressed Data Encrypted Data Transfer Size Limits Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Impact Data Destruction Data Encrypted for Impact Defacement Disk Content Wipe Disk Structure Wipe Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation Initial Access Drive-by Compromise Exploit Public-Facing Application External Remote Services Hardware Additions Replication Through Removable Media Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts Execution AppleScript CMSTP Command-Line Interface Compiled HTML File Control Panel Items Dynamic Data Exchange Execution through API Execution through Module Load Exploitation for Client Execution Graphical User Interface InstallUtil Launchctl Local Job Scheduling LSASS Driver Mshta PowerShell Persistence .bash_profile and .bashrc Accessibility Features Account Manipulation AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Authentication Package BITS Jobs Bootkit Browser Extensions Change Default File Association Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Create Account DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking Privilege Escalation Access Token Manipulation Accessibility Features AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Bypass User Account Control DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Extra Window Memory Injection File System Permissions Weakness Hooking Image File Execution Options Injection Launch Daemon New Service Path Interception Defense Evasion Access Token Manipulation Binary Padding BITS Jobs Bypass User Account Control Clear Command History CMSTP Code Signing Compile After Delivery Compiled HTML File Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Control Panel Items DCShadow Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Disabling Security Tools DLL Search Order Hijacking Credential Access Account Manipulation Bash History Brute Force Credential Dumping Credentials in Files Credentials in Registry Exploitation for Credential Access Forced Authentication Hooking Input Capture Input Prompt Kerberoasting Keychain LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Network Sniffing Password Filter DLL Discovery Account Discovery Application Window Discovery Browser Bookmark Discovery Domain Trust Discovery File and Directory Discovery Network Service Scanning Network Share Discovery Network Sniffing Password Policy Discovery Peripheral Device Discovery Permission Groups Discovery Process Discovery Query Registry Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery System Information Discovery Lateral Movement AppleScript Application Deployment Software Distributed Component Object Model Exploitation of Remote Services Logon Scripts Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Collection Audio Capture Automated Collection Clipboard Data Data from Information Repositories Data from Local System Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Command And Control Commonly Used Port Communication Through Removable Media Connection Proxy Custom Command and Control Protocol Custom Cryptographic Protocol Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multi-hop Proxy Multi-Stage Channels Multiband Communication Multilayer Encryption Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Exfiltration Automated Exfiltration Data Compressed Data Encrypted Data Transfer Size Limits Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Impact Data Destruction Data Encrypted for Impact Defacement Disk Content Wipe Disk Structure Wipe Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation ob stan Use ATT&CK to Build Your Defensive Platform ATT&CK includes resources designed to help cyber defenders develop analytics that detect the techniques used by an adversary. Based on threat intelligence included in ATT&CK or provided by analysts, cyber defenders can create a comprehensive set of analytics to detect threats. Legend APT28 APT29 Both Legend Low Priority High Priority Comparing APT28 to APT29 Finding Gaps in Defense Drive-by Compromise Exploit Public-Facing Application External Remote Services Hardware Additions Replication Through Removable Media Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts AppleScript CMSTP Command-Line Interface Compiled HTML File Control Panel Items Dynamic Data Exchange Execution through API Execution through Module Load Exploitation for Client Execution Graphical User Interface InstallUtil Launchctl Local Job Scheduling LSASS Driver Mshta PowerShell Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rundll32 Scheduled Task Scripting Service Execution Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution Source Space after Filename Third-party Software Trap Trusted Developer Utilities User Execution Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Remote Management XSL Script Processing .bash_profile and .bashrc Accessibility Features Account Manipulation AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Authentication Package BITS Jobs Bootkit Browser Extensions Change Default File Association Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Create Account DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking External Remote Services File System Permissions Weakness Hidden Files and Directories Hooking Hypervisor Image File Execution Options Injection Kernel Modules and Extensions Launch Agent Launch Daemon Launchctl LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition Local Job Scheduling Login Item Logon Scripts LSASS Driver Modify Existing Service Netsh Helper DLL New Service Office Application Startup Path Interception Plist Modification Port Knocking Port Monitors Rc.common Re-opened Applications Redundant Access Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Scheduled Task Screensaver Security Support Provider Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid Shortcut Modification SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Startup Items System Firmware Systemd Service Time Providers Trap Valid Accounts Web Shell Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription Winlogon Helper DLL Access Token Manipulation Accessibility Features AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Bypass User Account Control DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Extra Window Memory Injection File System Permissions Weakness Hooking Image File Execution Options Injection Launch Daemon New Service Path Interception Plist Modification Port Monitors Process Injection Scheduled Task Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid SID-History Injection Startup Items Sudo Sudo Caching Valid Accounts Web Shell Access Token Manipulation Binary Padding BITS Jobs Bypass User Account Control Clear Command History CMSTP Code Signing Compile After Delivery Compiled HTML File Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Control Panel Items DCShadow Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Disabling Security Tools DLL Search Order Hijacking DLL Side-Loading Execution Guardrails Exploitation for Defense Evasion Extra Window Memory Injection File Deletion File Permissions Modification File System Logical Offsets Gatekeeper Bypass Group Policy Modification Hidden Files and Directories Hidden Users Hidden Window HISTCONTROL Image File Execution Options Injection Indicator Blocking Indicator Removal from Tools Indicator Removal on Host Indirect Command Execution Install Root Certificate InstallUtil Launchctl LC_MAIN Hijacking Masquerading Modify Registry Mshta Network Share Connection Removal NTFS File Attributes Obfuscated Files or Information Plist Modification Port Knocking Process Doppelgänging Process Hollowing Process Injection Redundant Access Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rootkit Rundll32 Scripting Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Software Packing Space after Filename Template Injection Timestomp Trusted Developer Utilities Valid Accounts Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Web Service XSL Script Processing Account Manipulation Bash History Brute Force Credential Dumping Credentials in Files Credentials in Registry Exploitation for Credential Access Forced Authentication Hooking Input Capture Input Prompt Kerberoasting Keychain LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Network Sniffing Password Filter DLL Private Keys Securityd Memory Two-Factor Authentication Interception Account Discovery Application Window Discovery Browser Bookmark Discovery Domain Trust Discovery File and Directory Discovery Network Service Scanning Network Share Discovery Network Sniffing Password Policy Discovery Peripheral Device Discovery Permission Groups Discovery Process Discovery Query Registry Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery System Information Discovery System Network Configuration Discovery System Network Connections Discovery System Owner/User Discovery System Service Discovery System Time Discovery Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion AppleScript Application Deployment Software Distributed Component Object Model Exploitation of Remote Services Logon Scripts Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Windows Remote Management Audio Capture Automated Collection Clipboard Data Data from Information Repositories Data from Local System Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Commonly Used Port Communication Through Removable Media Connection Proxy Custom Command and Control Protocol Custom Cryptographic Protocol Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multi-hop Proxy Multi-Stage Channels Multiband Communication Multilayer Encryption Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Remote File Copy Standard Application Layer Protocol Standard Cryptographic Protocol Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Uncommonly Used Port Web Service Automated Exfiltration Data Compressed Data Encrypted Data Transfer Size Limits Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Data Destruction Data Encrypted for Impact Defacement Disk Content Wipe Disk Structure Wipe Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation Initial Access Drive-by Compromise Exploit Public-Facing Application External Remote Services Hardware Additions Replication Through Removable Media Spearphishing Attachment Spearphishing Link Spearphishing via Service Supply Chain Compromise Trusted Relationship Valid Accounts Execution AppleScript CMSTP Command-Line Interface Compiled HTML File Control Panel Items Dynamic Data Exchange Execution through API Execution through Module Load Exploitation for Client Execution Graphical User Interface InstallUtil Launchctl Local Job Scheduling LSASS Driver Mshta PowerShell Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Rundll32 Scheduled Task Scripting Service Execution Signed Binary Proxy Execution Signed Script Proxy Execution Source Space after Filename Third-party Software Trap Trusted Developer Utilities User Execution Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Remote Management XSL Script Processing Persistence .bash_profile and .bashrc Accessibility Features Account Manipulation AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Authentication Package BITS Jobs Bootkit Browser Extensions Change Default File Association Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Create Account DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking External Remote Services File System Permissions Weakness Hidden Files and Directories Hooking Hypervisor Image File Execution Options Injection Kernel Modules and Extensions Launch Agent Launch Daemon Launchctl LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition Local Job Scheduling Login Item Logon Scripts LSASS Driver Modify Existing Service Netsh Helper DLL New Service Office Application Startup Path Interception Plist Modification Port Knocking Port Monitors Rc.common Re-opened Applications Redundant Access Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Scheduled Task Screensaver Security Support Provider Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid Privilege Escalation Access Token Manipulation Accessibility Features AppCert DLLs AppInit DLLs Application Shimming Bypass User Account Control DLL Search Order Hijacking Dylib Hijacking Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Extra Window Memory Injection File System Permissions Weakness Hooking Image File Execution Options Injection Launch Daemon New Service Path Interception Plist Modification Port Monitors Process Injection Scheduled Task Service Registry Permissions Weakness Setuid and Setgid SID-History Injection Startup Items Sudo Sudo Caching Valid Accounts Web Shell Defense Evasion Access Token Manipulation Binary Padding BITS Jobs Bypass User Account Control Clear Command History CMSTP Code Signing Compile After Delivery Compiled HTML File Component Firmware Component Object Model Hijacking Control Panel Items DCShadow Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Disabling Security Tools DLL Search Order Hijacking DLL Side-Loading Execution Guardrails Exploitation for Defense Evasion Extra Window Memory Injection File Deletion File Permissions Modification File System Logical Offsets Gatekeeper Bypass Group Policy Modification Hidden Files and Directories Hidden Users Hidden Window HISTCONTROL Image File Execution Options Injection Indicator Blocking Indicator Removal from Tools Indicator Removal on Host Indirect Command Execution Install Root Certificate InstallUtil Launchctl LC_MAIN Hijacking Masquerading Modify Registry Mshta Network Share Connection Removal NTFS File Attributes Obfuscated Files or Information Plist Modification Port Knocking Process Doppelgänging Process Hollowing Credential Access Account Manipulation Bash History Brute Force Credential Dumping Credentials in Files Credentials in Registry Exploitation for Credential Access Forced Authentication Hooking Input Capture Input Prompt Kerberoasting Keychain LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Network Sniffing Password Filter DLL Private Keys Securityd Memory Two-Factor Authentication Interception Discovery Account Discovery Application Window Discovery Browser Bookmark Discovery Domain Trust Discovery File and Directory Discovery Network Service Scanning Network Share Discovery Network Sniffing Password Policy Discovery Peripheral Device Discovery Permission Groups Discovery Process Discovery Query Registry Remote System Discovery Security Software Discovery System Information Discovery System Network Configuration Discovery System Network Connections Discovery System Owner/User Discovery System Service Discovery System Time Discovery Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Lateral Movement AppleScript Application Deployment Software Distributed Component Object Model Exploitation of Remote Services Logon Scripts Pass the Hash Pass the Ticket Remote Desktop Protocol Remote File Copy Remote Services Replication Through Removable Media Shared Webroot SSH Hijacking Taint Shared Content Third-party Software Windows Admin Shares Windows Remote Management Collection Audio Capture Automated Collection Clipboard Data Data from Information Repositories Data from Local System Data from Network Shared Drive Data from Removable Media Data Staged Email Collection Input Capture Man in the Browser Screen Capture Video Capture Command And Control Commonly Used Port Communication Through Removable Media Connection Proxy Custom Command and Control Protocol Custom Cryptographic Protocol Data Encoding Data Obfuscation Domain Fronting Domain Generation Algorithms Fallback Channels Multi-hop Proxy Multi-Stage Channels Multiband Communication Multilayer Encryption Port Knocking Remote Access Tools Remote File Copy Standard Application Layer Protocol Standard Cryptographic Protocol Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Uncommonly Used Port Web Service Exfiltration Automated Exfiltration Data Compressed Data Encrypted Data Transfer Size Limits Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Scheduled Transfer Impact Data Destruction Data Encrypted for Impact Defacement Disk Content Wipe Disk Structure Wipe Endpoint Denial of Service Firmware Corruption Inhibit System Recovery Network Denial of Service Resource Hijacking Runtime Data Manipulation Service Stop Stored Data Manipulation Transmitted Data Manipulation malwarerever net work device logs network intrusion detection system ssl/tls inspection system calls windowseventlogs ocol compromise point denial of service network denial of service obfuscated files or information remote access tools spearphishing attachment standard non-application layer protocoltemplate injection domain fronting drive-by compromise endpoint denial of service install root certificate obfuscated files or information spearphishing link spearphishing via service standard cryptographic protocol web service applescript application shimming browser extensions bypass user account control exploitation for client execution hypervisor kernel modules and extensions keychain rootkit account manipulation bits jobs cm stp em s
- 13. ATT&CK Threat Intelligence Use Cases § Structuring threat intelligence with ATT&CK allows us to – Compare behaviors – Communicate in a common language ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 5 |
- 14. Compare Groups to Each Other | 6 | *from open source reporting we’ve mapped APT28* ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 15. Compare Groups to Each Other | 7 | APT29 ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 16. Compare Groups to Each Other | 8 | APT28 APT29 Both groups Prioritize! ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 17. Compare Groups to Defenses | 9 | Overlay known defensive gaps APT28 APT29 Both groups ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 18. Compare Groups Over Time | 10 | Notional group in 2018 Same group in 2019…why did we not see these techniques? ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 19. Communicate to Defenders | 11 | CTI Analyst Defender Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder (T1060) THIS is what the adversary is doing! The Run key is AdobeUpdater. Oh, we have Registry data, we can detect that! ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 20. Communicate Across the Community ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 12 | CTI Consumer Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder (T1060) Oh, you mean T1060! APT1337 is using autorun FUZZYDUCK used a Run key Company A Company B
- 21. ...but how do I structure intel in ATT&CK so I can apply it to these use cases? | 21 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 22. Process of Mapping to ATT&CK 0. Understand ATT&CK 1. Find the behavior 2. Research the behavior 3. Translate the behavior into a tactic 4. Figure out what technique applies to the behavior 5. Compare your results to other analysts Two key sources for where you get information: 1. Finished reporting 2. Raw data | 22 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 23. 0. Understand ATT&CK § You need to know what to look for before you can do this § To get analysts started: – Watch an ATT&CK presentation – Read the Philosophy Paper and Getting Started page – Read ATT&CK 101 Blog Post – Read the Tactic descriptions – Skim the Technique list (there are 252+…) § Encourage ongoing learning and discussion – Have analysts present a technique a week in your team training | 23 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 24. 1. Find the Behavior ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. § Different mindset from looking for indicators § Look for what the adversary or software does § Focus on initial compromise and post-compromise details – Info that may not be useful for ATT&CK mapping: § Static malware analysis § Infrastructure registration information § Industry/victim targeting information
- 25. 1. Find the Behavior ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html Tactic? Technique? Tactic? Technique?
- 26. 2. Research the Behavior | 26 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. § CTI analysts may not be familiar with adversary/software behavior § Encourage them to do additional research: – Of your own team or organization (defenders/red teamers) – Of external resources § Time-consuming, but builds better analysts § Understanding of core behavior helps with next steps
- 27. 2. Research the Behavior | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 28. 2. Research the Behavior | 28 | https://www.speedguide.net/port.php?port=1913? ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 29. 3. Translate the Behavior into a Tactic § What is the adversary trying to accomplish? § Often requires domain expertise – Finished intel can give you context | 29 | § Only 12 options: – Initial Access – Execution – Persistence – Privilege Escalation – Defense Evasion – Credential Access – Discovery – Lateral Movement – Collection – Command and Control – Exfiltration – Impact ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 30. 3. Translate the Behavior into a Tactic § “When executed, the malware first establishes a SOCKS5 connection to 192.157.198.103 using TCP port 1913. … Once the connection to the server is established, the malware expects a message containing at least three bytes from the server. These first three bytes are the command identifier. The following commands are supported by the malware … “ – A connection in order to command the malware to do something à Command and Control | 30 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 31. 4. Figure Out What Technique Applies § Often the toughest part § Not every behavior is necessarily a technique § Key strategies: 1. Look at the list of Techniques for the identified Tactic 2. Search attack.mitre.org § Try key words § Try “procedure”-level detail § Try specific command strings | 31 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 32. 4. Figure Out What Technique Applies | 32 | Protocol vs. Port à 2 techniques? ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 33. 4. Figure Out What Technique Applies | 33 | “the malware first establishes a SOCKS5 connection” ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 34. 4. Figure Out What Technique Applies | 34 | “establishes a SOCKS5 connection to 192.157.198.103 using TCP port 1913” “CTRL+ F” FTW ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 35. Rinse and Repeat ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html Privilege Escalation - Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068) Execution - Command-Line Interface (T1059) Discovery - System Owner/User Discovery (T1033) Persistence – Scheduled Task (T1053) Command and Control - Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol (T1095) Command and Control - Uncommonly Used Port (T1065)
- 36. Technique Mapping Work Available from ATT&CK ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 14 | “Procedure Examples” for Techniques “Techniques Used” for Software and Groups 5 years of reviewing and mapping ~400 report sources Only freely-available public reporting
- 37. Biases in ATT&CK’s Mapped Data § Important to understand and state our biases in CTI § Two kinds of bias in technique examples in ATT&CK – Bias introduced by us – Bias inherent in the sources we use § Understanding these is the first step in properly leveraging this data ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 15 |
- 38. Security Vendors 92% Press Reports 5% Publicly- available Government Reports 3% Our Biases: Sources We Select | 16 | From reports used for technique examples in ATT&CK Groups ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 39. Our Biases: Availability Bias ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 17 | All Possible Techniques Techniques We Remember
- 40. Our Biases: Novelty Bias ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 18 | Yet another FUZZYDUCK using Powershell report APT1337 Using Transmitted Data Manipulation
- 41. Source Biases: Availability Bias ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 19 | All Possible Behaviors/ Groups Familiar Behaviors/ Groups
- 42. Source Biases: Novelty Bias ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 20 | Another APT1337 Report APT1338 Report!!!
- 43. Source Biases: Victim Bias ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 21 | Victim 4 Victim 5Victim 3 Victim 2 Victim 1
- 44. Source Biases: Visibility Bias | 22 | Visible Disk Forensics Network Flows Process Execution Powershell Registry Monitoring Decoded C2 Not Seen ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 45. Source Biases: Production Bias ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 23 | Operation Snakepit APT1337 Report Operation Brown Fox APT1338 Report Ducks in the Wild FUZZYDUCK Report Source 1 Source 2
- 46. How Do We Deal With These Biases? § Know that they exist – Once you know them, you can better determine what is real data vs. your biases § Be honest and explain them ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 24| Tenor.com
- 47. Hedging Our Biases § Work together – Diversity of thought makes for stronger teams § Adjust and calibrate your data sources § Add different data sources (including your own) § Remember we’re prioritizing the known over the unknown – As opposed to absolute comparison ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 25 |
- 48. Now that you know those biases, here’s your imperfect data! | 26 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 49. 1. Remote File Copy 2. Standard App Layer Protocol 3. System Information Discovery 4. Command-Line Interface 5. Obfuscated Files or Information 6. File and Directory Discovery 7. Registry Run Key/Startup Folder 8. File Deletion 9. Process Discovery 10. System Network Config Discovery 11. Scripting 12. Screen Capture 13. System Owner/User Discovery 14. Input Capture 15. Credential Dumping 16. Commonly Used Port 17. PowerShell 18. Standard Crypto Protocol 19. Masquerading 20. Scheduled Task Top 20 Techniques from ATT&CK Group/Software Data Why are certain techniques listed? --> Calibrate by source | 27 | ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. Where is Spearphishing? Know your biases + work with others
- 50. Process for Making Recommendations from Techniques | 29 | 5. Make recommendations 4. Determine what tradeoffs are for org on specific options 3. Research organizational capability/constraints 2. Research defensive options related to technique 1. Research how techniques are being used 0. Determine priority techniques ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10.
- 51. Initial Access Execution Persistence Privilege Escalation Defense Evasion Credential Access Discovery Lateral Movement Collection Command and Control Exfiltration Impact Drive-by Compromise Scheduled Task Binary Padding Network Sniffing AppleScript Audio Capture Commonly Used Port Automated Exfiltration Data Destruction Exploit Public-Facing Application Launchctl Access Token Manipulation Account Manipulation Account Discovery Application Deployment Software Automated Collection Communication Through Removable Media Data Compressed Data Encrypted for Impact Local Job Scheduling Bypass User Account Control Bash History Application Window Discovery Clipboard Data Data Encrypted Defacement External Remote Services LSASS Driver Extra Window Memory Injection Brute Force Distributed Component Object Model Data from Information Repositories Connection Proxy Data Transfer Size Limits Disk Content Wipe Hardware Additions Trap Process Injection Credential Dumping Browser Bookmark Discovery Custom Command and Control Protocol Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Disk Structure Wipe Replication Through Removable Media AppleScript DLL Search Order Hijacking Credentials in Files Exploitation of Remote Services Data from Local System Endpoint Denial of Service CMSTP Image File Execution Options Injection Credentials in Registry Domain Trust Discovery Data from Network Shared Drive Custom Cryptographic Protocol Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Firmware Corruption Spearphishing Attachment Command-Line Interface Plist Modification Exploitation for Credential Access File and Directory Discovery Logon Scripts Inhibit System Recovery Spearphishing Link Compiled HTML File Valid Accounts Network Service Scanning Pass the Hash Data from Removable Media Data Encoding Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Network Denial of Service Spearphishing via Service Control Panel Items Accessibility Features BITS Jobs Forced Authentication Network Share Discovery Pass the Ticket Data Staged Data Obfuscation Resource Hijacking Supply Chain Compromise Dynamic Data Exchange AppCert DLLs Clear Command History Hooking Password Policy Discovery Remote Desktop Protocol Email Collection Domain Fronting Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Runtime Data Manipulation Trusted Relationship Execution through API AppInit DLLs CMSTP Input Capture Peripheral Device Discovery Remote File Copy Input Capture Domain Generation Algorithms Service Stop Valid Accounts Execution through Module Load Application Shimming Code Signing Input Prompt Permission Groups Discovery Remote Services Man in the Browser Scheduled Transfer Stored Data Manipulation Dylib Hijacking Compiled HTML File Kerberoasting Process Discovery Replication Through Removable Media Screen Capture Fallback Channels Transmitted Data ManipulationExploitation for Client Execution File System Permissions Weakness Component Firmware Keychain Query Registry Video Capture Multiband Communication Hooking Component Object Model Hijacking LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay Remote System Discovery Shared Webroot Multi-hop Proxy Graphical User Interface Launch Daemon Security Software Discovery SSH Hijacking Multilayer Encryption InstallUtil New Service Control Panel Items Password Filter DLL System Information Discovery Taint Shared Content Multi-Stage Channels Mshta Path Interception DCShadow Private Keys Third-party Software Port Knocking PowerShell Port Monitors Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Securityd Memory System Network Configuration Discovery Windows Admin Shares Remote Access Tools Regsvcs/Regasm Service Registry Permissions Weakness Two-Factor Authentication Interception Windows Remote Management Remote File Copy Regsvr32 Setuid and Setgid Disabling Security Tools System Network Connections Discovery Standard Application Layer ProtocolRundll32 Startup Items DLL Side-Loading Scripting Web Shell Execution Guardrails System Owner/User Discovery Standard Cryptographic ProtocolService Execution .bash_profile and .bashrc Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Exploitation for Defense EvasionSigned Binary Proxy Execution Account Manipulation System Service Discovery Standard Non-Application Layer ProtocolAuthentication Package SID-History Injection File Deletion System Time Discovery Signed Script Proxy Execution BITS Jobs Sudo File Permissions Modification Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion Uncommonly Used Port Bootkit Sudo Caching Web Service Source Browser Extensions File System Logical Offsets Space after Filename Change Default File Association Gatekeeper Bypass Third-party Software Group Policy Modification Trusted Developer Utilities Component Firmware Hidden Files and Directories User Execution Component Object Model Hijacking Hidden Users Windows Management Instrumentation Hidden Window Create Account HISTCONTROL Windows Remote Management External Remote Services Indicator Blocking Hidden Files and Directories Indicator Removal from ToolsXSL Script Processing Hypervisor Kernel Modules and Extensions Indicator Removal on Host Indirect Command Execution Launch Agent Install Root Certificate LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition InstallUtil Login Item Launchctl Logon Scripts LC_MAIN Hijacking Modify Existing Service Masquerading Netsh Helper DLL Modify Registry Office Application Startup Mshta Port Knocking Network Share Connection RemovalRc.common Redundant Access NTFS File Attributes Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Obfuscated Files or Information Re-opened Applications Port Knocking Screensaver Process Doppelgänging Security Support Provider Process Hollowing Shortcut Modification Redundant Access SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Regsvcs/Regasm Regsvr32 Many Types of Recommendations Legend High Confidence of Detection Some Confidence of Detection Low Confidence of Detection © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Prioritized Technique ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. We’ll tackle Spearphishing Attachment and Spearphishing Link via new user training Supply Chain Compromise and Component Firmware are beyond our capability and resources to stop or detect, so we’ll accept the risk None of our existing tools have visibility into Command-Line Interface so we’ll need to obtain something new
- 52. Takeaways § Use ATT&CK for cyber threat intelligence to help you… – Compare behaviors – Communicate in a common language § Know the biases involved with mapping CTI reporting to ATT&CK § Hedge those biases and use ATT&CK-mapped CTI to improve defenses ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. | 30 |
- 53. | 31 | https://attack.mitre.org attack@mitre.org @MITREattack Adam Pennington @_whatshisface Katie Nickels @likethecoins ©2019 The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited 19-01075-10. These slides available at: http://bit.ly/kcnagp-d19