2. Big problem
Based onWHO
Major
public
health
concern
In 1997
Epidemic hazard
worldwide
Analysis of (BMI)
Metabolic disorders and
and cardiovascular
diseases
Obese person incurs
health care expenditures
at least 25% higher than a
healthy person
3. In 2000
17.5 % overweight
(36.7 million)
4.7 % obese
(9.8 million)
210 million people in Indonesia
4. Obesity
The word obesity comes from the Latin
obesitas, which means stout, fat, or plump.
Medically, obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has
accumulated to the extend that it may have an adverse effect on
health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health
problems.
6. Causes
1. Sedentary lifestyle
Many people being an inactive lifestyle. Ex: Spend hours on TV/computer.
2. Genetics
Chances of being overweight are greater if one or both of our parents are
overweight or obese
3. Age
As we get older, we tend to lose muscle, especially if we're less active. If we
don't reduce our calorie intake as we get older, we may gain weight.
4. Psychiatric illness
The risk of overweight and obesity is higher in patients with psychiatric
disorders than in persons without psychiatric disorders.
5. Medicine
Certain medicines may cause we to gain weight. Ex: some corticosteroids,
antidepressants, and seizure medicines.
7. 6. Emotional factors
Some people eat more than usual when they're bored, angry, or stressed.
7. Smoking
Some people gain weight when they stop smoking because food often tastes
and smells better after quitting smoking. However, quitting is more important
than possible weight gain.
8. Pregnancy
During pregnancy, women gain weight to support their babies’ growth and
development.
9. Lack of sleep (leptin and ghrelin)
Research shows that lack of sleep increases the risk of obesity. When we don't
get enough sleep, our level of ghrelin goes up and our level of leptin goes
down.
10. ORLISTAT
In the March 15, 2004 issue of Cancer Research, Steven J. Kridel et
al. state that orlistat may also inhibit growth of prostate cancer,
and in theory may be useful in treating other cancers, by
interfering with the metabolism of fats.
Orlistas is a
pancreatic lipase
inhibitor
Inhibiting the
absorption of
dietary fats
Unavailable to
hydrolyze dietary
fat
Resulting caloric
deficit
Pancreatic lipase an enzyme that breaks down fat in the intestine
11. SIBUTRAMINE
reuptake
Sibutramine is a
poten inhibitor
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Promotes a sense
of satiety
Decrease in
appetite
Reducing food
intake
Data from animal studies also suggest that sibutramine may also
increase energy expenditure through thermogenic effects in both
the basal and fed states, but this has not been confirmed in
humans.
12. RIMONABANT
In the RIO-North America trial, 3040 patients were randomized to
receive either placebo or one of two doses of rimonabant (5 mg or
20 mg per day). Patients taking 20 mg rimonabant had significant
weigh loss, decrease in waist circumference, improved insulin
sensitivity, and increases in HDL cholesterol, compared to patients
on placebo.
Rimonabant is a specific CB1
cannabinoid receptor
antagonist
Inhibiting the
endocannabinoid system
Over activity of the endocannabinoid system obesity
causes
13.
14. METFORMIN
Metformin is an oral
antihyperglycemic agent
Activation AMP-
activated protein kinase
(AMPK)
Decreasing intestinal
absorption of glucose
Decreasing hepatic
glucose production
Improving insulin
sensitivity
May also be used for the management of metabolic and
reproductive abnormalities associated with polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS).
15.
16. PRAMLINTIDE
Like insulin, amylin is
deficient in individuals
with diabetes.
Prevention of post-
prandial rise in
glucagon levels
Modulation of the rate
of gastric emptying
Increasing sensations of
satiety
Pramlintide is a
synthetic analog of
amylin
Has activity in a number
of gastrointestinal and
glucodynamic systems
Reducing caloric intake
and potentiating weight
loss
For the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as an
adjunct to preprandial insulin therapy in patients without
adequate glycemic control of insulin therapy.
