Construction equipment

1. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
SUBMITTEDBY:
• SAKSHI AGGARWAL
• PRASHANT SHISHODIA
• VAIBHAV MUDGAL
• KAMALKANT TYAGI
(IDEAL SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,
GHAZIABAD
B.ARCH III YEAR)
SUBMITTED TO:
• AR. S.N. SONI
• AR. SANTWANA
TYAGI

2. INTRODUCTION
• Construction equipments refer to tools, machines and vehicles
which are specially designed for execution of construction works.
• The equipment to be used can be either a standard type equipment
which can be used for a number of situations or can be a special type
which meets the requirements of the particular project.

3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Increase the rate of output through work
progress with the best effective and
efficient methods.
• Reduce the overall construction costs
especially for large contracts.
• Carry out activities which cannot be done
manually or to do them more
economically and much faster.
• Eliminate the heavy manual work by
human thus reducing fatigue and
eliminates various other hazards and
health issues.
• Maintain the planned rate of production
where there is a shortage of skilled or
unskilled labor.
• Maintain the high quality standards often
required by present-day design and
specifications (technical standards).
• If the machine breaks down, it can cause
delay of construction work.
• Electric tools can cause short circuit,
which may result in fire.
• Only skilled labors can operate the
equipments.
• Special assistance is required to operate
them as it may harm people on the site.
• Contractors in small projects create issue
over buying or renting of equipments and
may charge high charges.

4. SELECTION OF EQUIPMENTS
• For a building project, the selection of equipment depends upon:
▫ The type, size and other particulars of equipment
▫ Whether the equipment is to be purchased, rented or to be procured under hire-cum-purchase
arrangement.
TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS
• Electric hand tools
• Vibrators
• Pumps
• Compactors
• Rollers
• Concrete mixers
• Hand pumps for ready-mix concrete
• Transportation equipments

5. ELECTRIC HAND TOOLS
• A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power
source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools.
• Types of power tools-
 Saws
 Drills
 Polishers
 Plate Compactors
 Concrete Vibrators
 Electric Drivers
 Ceramic tile Cutter
 Jack Hammer

6. SAW- A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire,
or chain with a hard toothed edge. It is used to cut through
material, most often wood.
Types of saw:
• Mitre Saw
▫ A miter saw lets you make cuts at a variety of angles. The
saw has a blade mounted on a swing arm that pivots left or
right to produce angled cuts.
▫ For eg.- crown molding, picture frames, door frames,
window casings etc.
• Chain Saw
▫ A chain saw is a portable, mechanical saw which cuts with
a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain that runs along a
guide bar.
▫ It uses a small engine to pull a bladed chain along a slotted
guide bar. Now they are powered by an internal
combustion engine or by an electric motor.
▫ For eg.- cutting of ice, i.e., ice sculptures etc.
MITRE SAW
CHAIN SAW
PARTS OF SAW

7. • Reciprocating Saw
▫ A reciprocating saw is a type of saw in which the cutting action
is achieved through a push and pull reciprocating motion of the
blade.
▫ This type of saw, resembling that of a jigsaw and a handle
oriented to allow the saw to be used comfortably on vertical
surfaces.
• Circular Saw
▫ A circular saw is a power-saw using a toothed or
abrasive disc or blade to cut different materials using a rotary
motion spinning around an arbor.
▫ A circular saw is a tool for cutting many materials such
as wood, masonry, plastic, or metal and may be hand-held or
mounted to a machine.
• Concrete Saw
▫ A concrete saw (consaw or road saw) is a power tool used for
cutting concrete , masonry , brick ,asphalt , tile, and other solid
materials. It can be a small hand-held cut-off saw, a big walk-
behind saw or other styles, and it may be powered by gasoline,
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, or electric motors.
▫ The saw blades used on concrete saws are often diamond saw
blades to cut concrete, asphalt, stone, etc.
RECIPROCATING SAW
CIRCULAR SAW
CONCRETE SAW

8. • POWER WRENCH
▫ The purpose of a wrench is to turn a bolt head or nut. And
a power wrench is a type of wrench that is powered by other
means than human force. A typical power source is compressed
air.
▫ There are two main types of power wrenches - impact wrenches
and air ratchet wrenches or pneumatic ratchet wrenches.
• DRILLS
▫ A drill is a tool used for boring holes in various materials
or fastening various materials together with the use of fasteners.
▫ The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and
rotated while pressed against the target material.
▫ Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking,
construction etc.
▫ Types of drills: Pistol-grip (corded) drill; Hammer drill; Rotary
hammer drill; Cordless drills.
POWER WRENCH
DRILL
CROSS SECTIONG SHOWING
INSIDE OF WRENCH
PARTS OF DRILL
WRENCH

9. • JACK HAMMER
▫ A jackhammer is a pneumatic or electro-mechanical tool
that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. Hand-
held jackhammers are generally powered by compressed
air, but some are also powered by electric motors. Larger
jackhammers, such as rig mounted hammers used on
construction machinery, are usually hydraulically
powered.
▫ They are used to break up rock, pavement, and concrete.
• NAIL GUN
▫ These devices shoots out nails, propelling them into
wood and other materials. They work much more quickly
than the traditional hammering method.
JACK HAMMER
NAIL GUN
PARTS OF NAIL GUN

10. They are commonly used as a way of compacting
concrete on site. In case of vibration, compacting
gets effected by reduction in internal friction
between various particles of concrete due to
oscillation of particles which results in a dense and
compact mass of concrete.
▫ The frequencies of vibration used are from
between 2800 to 15000 rpm.
▫ Types of Vibrators- Immersion or Needle
Vibrators; External or Shutter Vibrators;
Surface Vibrators; Vibrating Table.
• Immersion or Needle Vibrators
▫ These needle vibrators come in a variety of sizes
from 40 to 100 mm in diameter. The period of
vibration necessary can be from 30 seconds to 2
minutes and the concrete should be placed in
layers no more than 600mm high.
NEEDLE VIBRATORS
PARTS OF NEEDLE VIBRATORS
VIBRATORS

11. • External or Shutter Vibrators
• The external vibrators are more often used for pre-casting
of thin in-situ sections of such shape and thickness as can
not be compacted by internal vibrators.
• Surface vibrators
• Surface vibrators are placed on the concrete mass and are
best used for the compaction of shallow elements. These
should not be used when the depth of the concrete is more
than 250mm
• Vibrating table
• The vibrating table consists of a rigidly built steel platform
mounted on flexible springs and is driven by an electric
motor.
• The vibrating tables are very efficient in compacting stiff
and harsh concrete mixes required for manufacture of
precast elements in the factories and test specimens in
laboratories.
SHUTTER VIBRATOR
SURFACE VIBRATOR
VIBRATING TABLE

12. A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or
gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical
action.
1.Concrete Pump
• A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring
liquid concrete by pumping. There are two types
of concrete pumps. The first type of concrete
pump is attached to a truck, other type is piston.
• Usually, piston pumps are used, because they can
produce hundreds of atmospheres of pressure.
▫ READYMIX CONCRETE PUMP: They are used for
horizontal and vertical transportation of large volumes of
concrete in short duration.
2. Water Pump
• The water pump is a simple centrifugal pump driven
by a belt connected to the crankshaft of the engine.
The water pump uses centrifugal force to send fluid
to the outside while it spins, causing fluid to be
drawn from the center continuously.
CONCRETE PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL WATER PUMP
PUMPS

13. CONCRETE MIXERS
• A concrete mixer is a device that homogeneously
combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel,
and water to form concrete.
• A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to
mix the components.
• More over the rotating speed of this mixer is 19 RPM
in 180 seconds exactly
• There are two types of concrete mixers-
▫ PORTABLE
▫ STATIONARY
• Concrete transit mixers: They are mainly used for
transporting concrete from batching point.
• Capacity:-
▫ 3cum-9cum
PORTABLE CONCRETE MIXER
STATIONARY CONCRETE MIXER

14. Compactor
• A compactor is a machine or mechanism used to reduce the size of
material such as waste material or bio mass through compaction. A
trash compactor is often used by a home or business to reduce the
volume of trash.
• Compactors are characterized in three categories-
▫ Light soil compacting equipments
▫ Heavy soil compacting equipments
Light Soil Compacting Equipments
These equipments are used for soil compacting of small areas only and
where the compacting effort needed is less.
1.Rammers:
• Rammers are used for compacting small areas by providing impact
load to the soil.
2. Vibrating Plate Compactors:
• Vibrating plate compactors are used for compaction of coarse soils
with 4 to 8% fines. These equipments are used for small areas.
3.Vibro Tampers:
• This machine is suitable for compaction of all types of soil by
vibrations set up in a base plate through a spring activated by an
engine driven reciprocating mechanism.
RAMMER
VIBRATING PLATE COMPACTOR
VIBRO TAMPERS

15. Heavy Soil Compaction Equipments
or Rollers-
These compacting machines are used for large
areas for use on different types of soils. The
heavy compaction equipments are selected
based on moisture content of soil and types of
soil.
Smooth Wheeled Rollers:
▫ The most suitable soils for these roller
type are well graded sand, gravel,
crushed rock, asphalt etc. where
crushing is required.
▫ These are used on soils which does not
require great pressure for compaction.
These rollers are generally used for
finishing the upper surface of the soil.
SMOOTH WHEELED ROLLER

16. 1.Backhoe
• Backhoe comprises a bucket on the end of an articulated
boom, set on a pneumatic tyred or crawler tractor unit.
• The boom, bucket arm and bucket are controlled by
hydraulic rams.
• The maximum depth of excavation is related to the length
of the boom and machines with depth capacities between
2.6 and 6m are in common use. Long reach machines up to
18 and 14m respectively.
2. FORWARD LOADER
• Forward loader consists of a pneumatic tyred or
crawler tractor at the front of which is mounted a wide
bucket that can be moved in a vertical plane.
• Excavation is carried out by driving the machine
towards and the bucket into the material; the bucket is
then turned and lifted upwards, thus catching and
excavating the material
• Loaders are generally used to excavate the materials at
and for a distance above ground level and can be use d
to push or haul material in the bucket over short
distances.
BACKHOE
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENTS
FRONT LOADER

17. 5.Dragline
• Dragline equipment is operated from cranes
or similar plant with a long boom.
• Excavation is done by pulling a bucket
suspended on a cable towards the machine by
a second cable.
• They are especially suited for the excavation
of soft and loose materials from a distance at a
level beneath or slightly above their tracks and
may be used to excavate under water.
PARTS OF DRAGLINE

18. 6.Grab
• Grab consists of a cable or hydraulically
controlled bottom-opening bucket suspended
from a crane or a lifting arm
• Grabs are typically used for the excavation of
pits or trenches and loading to and from
stockpiles.
7. Road Lorries
• Road lorries are available in sizes up to 38
ton gross vehicle weight and generally have
steel or steel/ aluminum sheeted bodies.
• Such vehicles require to be loaded by other
plant but are generally unloaded by side or
rear tipping
ROAD LORRIES
GRAB

19. 7.Dumpers
• Dump trucks or dumpers generally vary in
size from 1 to about 80 tonne capacity.
• They are generally used in mines, quarries or
open cast sites
• They have become popular as they are
versatile and are especially suitable for
hauling on softer sub grades.
• The speed of tipping is increased over a road
lorry by the absence of a tailgate.
• Small dumper units are available for work
on small sites and mounted dump trucks are
also available with load capacities up to
about 20 tonne.
8.CONVEYERS:
• Conveyers are built up with a number of
units of endless flat belt conveyers placed in
series and major changes in direction can be
made at transfer points where material from
one belt falls and is channeled on to next.
• Conveyers are generally used in quarries and
pits in areas of very steep or poor access.
DUMPERS
CONVEYER BELT

20. 9.DOZERS:
• Bulldozer is a tractor equipped with affront
pusher blade, which can be raised and
lowered by hydraulic rams.
• An angle dozer has a blade that is capable of
being set at an angle to push material
sideways whist the tractor moves forward. The
tractor unit is usually mounted on crawler
tracks thus allowing it to travel over and push
off a wide variety of ground conditions
although wheel mounted units is available.
• Dozers have a wide variety of roles including
excavating soils and weak rocks, ripping
moving excavated material over short
distances spreading materials, trimming
earthworks and acting as a pusher to boost the
effective power of scrapers and other plants.
• Wide ranges of crawler units are available
ranging from 45 to 575 kW
DOZER

21. CONCLUSION
• With the invent of compacting equipments and construction machinery, a
lot of work can be done in a short span of time with economy.
• Working man hours and quantum of work are increased.
• Good quality of work can be maintained.
• Saving in project completion time and cost of project.
• Easy transportation of material from distant locations.
• Better ride quality of embankment can be achieved.
• Different materials can be blended/mixed to find a suitable material for
earthwork.
• Typical tasks can be performed which are tough for manual labor.

22. THANKYOU