Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.

1. MENINGITIS
PRESENTED BY-
MR. ABHAY RAJPOOT

2. Definition
• It is an inflammation of the
piamater, the arachnoids &
the CSF-filled
subarachnoid space.
• bacteria, virus, fungi &
parasitic organisms can
cause meningitis.

3. Risk factors:
• Tobacco use
• Viral URI
• Otitis media
• Mastoiditis
• Immune system deficiencies.
• Poor hygiene
• malnutrition

4. Classification
• Septic meningitis:
Is caused by bacteria & the most common pathogens cause meningitis
are streptococcus pneumoniae & neisseria meningitidis.
• Aseptic meningitis:
Cause is viral or secondary to lymphoma, leukemia, or HIV.

5. TYPES

6. Classic manifestations of meningitis:
Photophobia

7. Nuchal Rigidity

10. OTHER CLINICAL MENIFESTAION:
• Headache
• Fever
• Tachycardia
• Nausea, Vomiting
• Seizures

11. Diagnostic evaluations:
History
Neurological examination
Lumbar puncture:
• Moderately elevated CSF pressure
• Elevated CSF protein level (15-45mg/dl)
• Decreased CSF glucose level ( 60-80 mg)
• Elevated WBCs
CT Scan
MRI

12. Complications

13. Management:
Medical management:
Medications:
• Cephalosporin, rifampin & vancomycin.
• Chloramphenicol, trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole atleast for 10 days
• Adequate fluid & electrolyte balance must be maintained.
• Assessment of neurologic status to detect early manifestation of
increased ICP .

14. Cont..
• Osmotic diuretics- to manage increased intra cranial pressure
• Anticonvulsants for seizures prevention.

15. Nursing Management
• Monitor neurological status
• Assess for early signs of complication
• Prevention from complications

16. Nursing Diagnosis
• Acute pain (headache) related to inflammation as evidenced by
patients verbalisation
• Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to inability
to have food as evidenced by reduced body weight
• Self care deficit related to altered neurological status as evidenced by
patients inability to perform self care activities
• Risk for complications related disease condition

17. THANK YOU