This document describes different types of fixed and removable space maintainers used in orthodontics. Fixed space maintainers include band and loop, crown and loop, lingual arch, palatal arch, transpalatal arch, and distal shoe appliances. Removable space maintainers include acrylic partial dentures, full or partial dentures, and removable distal shoe appliances. The document provides details on the advantages and disadvantages of each type of space maintainer.

1. FIXED & REMOVABLE SPACE
MAINTAINERS

2. FIXED SPACE
MAINTAINERS:
• Band & loop space maintainer
• Crown & loop appliance
• Lingual arch space maintainer
• Palatal arch appliance
• Trans palatal arch appliance
• Distal shoe space maintainer
• Esthetics anterior space maintainer
• Band & bar type space maintainer
• Preformed bonded space maintainer

3. BAND & LOOP SPACE
MAINTAINER
• Advantages:
• Easy to construct
• Inexpensive
• Easily adjusted
• Allows eruption of permanent tooth
• Non invasive
• Painless
• Disadvantages:
• Not restore masticatory function
• Not prevent extrusion of opposing dentition
• Not allow normal distal movement of primary
cuspids during eruption of permanent lateral incisor
if placed for the early loss of mandibular first
primary molar
• Most common space controlling appliances
• The tooth distal to the extraction space is
banded and a loop of thick stainless steel
wire is soldered to its mesial end touching
the tooth mesial to the extraction space.
• It is a unilateral fixed appliance for space
maintenance in posterior segment when a
single tooth is lost.

4. CROWN & LOOP
APPLIANCE
• Advantages:
• Stronger than band and loop
• Cementation failure loss are less
likely
• Excellent choice if tooth needs a
restoration
• Disadvantage:
• Difficult to fabricate than band and
loop
• Similar to band and loop
appliances except that a stainless
steel crown is used for abutment
tooth.

5. PALATAL ARCH
APPLIALNCE
• Advantages:
• Prevent mesial migration of
maxillary molars
• Disadvantages:
• Soft tissue irritation
• They prevent mesial migration of
maxillary molars.
• The nance holding arch is maxillary lingual
arch that does not contact the anterior
teeth but approximates the anterior
palate.
• It incorporates an acrylic button in the
anterior region that contacts the palate
tissue.

6. LINGUAL ARCH SPACE
MAINTAINER
• Advantages:
• Maintain arch form
• Allow eruption of permanent teeth without
interference
• Not easily displaced
• Easy to maintain good oral hygiene
• Can be modified and used as space
regaining appliance
• Patients comfort
• Disadvantages:
• Doesn’t prevent extrusion of opposing teeth
• High chance of appliance distortion by
tongue force
• Can promote decay in pts with bad oral
hygiene
• Most effective appliance for space
maintenance in lower arch.
• It prevents mesial drifting of
molars and lingual collapse of
anterior teeth

7. TRANSPALATAL ARCH
APPLIANCE
• Advantages:
• Lack of acrylic button so less
tissue irritation and more
cleansable
• Disadvantages:
• Lack of anterior stop due to which
possible tooth shift
• It consists of a thick stainless steel wire
that spans on the palate connecting the
first permanent molar of one side with
other.
• It has been recommended for
stabilizing the maxillary First permanent
molar when the primary molar require
extraction.

8. DISTAL SHOE SPACE
MAINTAINER
• Advantages:
• Maintains second primary molar
space.
• Disadvantages:
• Difficult to fabricate
• Also known as intra-alveolar
appliance
• The distal surface of second
primary molar guides the
unerupted First permanent molar to
erupt in normal position.

9. ESTHETIC ANTERIOR
SPACE MAINTAINER
• Advantages:
• Reduce palatal coverage
• Provide an esthetic component
• Improve anterior fit due to modified
ridge lap design
• Disadvantages:
• Poor oral hygiene maintenance
• Distortion and breakage by children

10. BAND & BAR TYPE SPACE
MAINTAINER
PREFORMED BONDED SPACE
MAINTAINER
• In this abutment teeth on
either side of extraction space
are banded connected to each
other by a bar.
• This is a direct bonded space
maintainer that consists of two
bonded mesh pads that are
bonded to the teeth on either
side of the lost tooth.

11. REMOVABLE
SPACE
MAINTAINERS:
• Acrylic partial dentures
• Full or complete dentures
• Removable distal shoe space
maintainer

12. ACRYLIC PARTIAL DENTURES
• It is used in patients who have
gone multiple extractions
• It is readily adjusted to allow
eruption of teeth
Advantages:
• Easy to clean
• Restore masticatory function and esthetics
• Stimulate eruption of permanent teeth
• Help in preventing the development of
tongue thrust habit into the extraction
space
Disadvantages:
• May be lost or broken by patient
• Lateral jaw growth may be restricted if
claps are incorporated
• They may cause irritation to the underlying
soft tissues

13. FULL OR COMPLETE
DENTURES
• Advantages:
• Easy to clean
• Restore masticatory function and
esthetics
• Guide permanent molar into their
correct position
• Disadvantages:
• May be lost or broken by patient
• They may cause irritation to the
underlying soft tissues
• It is use to restore primary teeth
of Child may require extraction
due to rampant caries.

14. REMOVABLE DISTAL
SHOE SPACE
MAINTAINER
• Advantages:
• Guide the first permanent molar into its
position before its occlusal eruption
• Disadvantages:
• Multiple impression required
• Complicated appliance with limited
strength and no functional strength
• It is an immediate acrylic partial
denture with an acrylic distal
shoe extension

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