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Foundations of Information Systems in Business
1.
1 - 1Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Information Systems in Business Chapter 1 Chapter 1
2.
1 - 2Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. What is an Information System?What is an Information System? Any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization.
3.
1 - 3Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Roles of IS in BusinessRoles of IS in Business
4.
1 - 4Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Information SystemsTypes of Information Systems
5.
1 - 5Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Operation Support SystemsOperation Support Systems Definition: • Information systems that process data generated by and used in business operations • Goal is to efficiently process business transactions, control industrial processes, support enterprise communications and collaboration, and update corporate databases
6.
1 - 6Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Examples of Operations Support SystemsExamples of Operations Support Systems • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) – process data resulting from business transactions, update operational databases, and produce business documents. • Process Control Systems (PCS) – monitor and control industrial processes. • Enterprise Collaboration Systems – support team, workgroup, and enterprise communications an collaboration.
7.
1 - 7Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. A Transaction Processing System ExampleA Transaction Processing System Example
8.
1 - 8Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Management Support SystemsManagement Support Systems Definition: • Information systems that focus on providing information and support for effective decision making by managers
9.
1 - 9Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Management Support SystemsManagement Support Systems • Management Information Systems (MIS) – provide information in the form of pre-specified reports and displays to support business decision making. • Decision Support Systems (DSS) – provide interactive ad hoc support for the decision making processes of managers and other business professionals. • Executive Information Systems (EIS) – provide critical information from MIS, DSS, and other sources tailored to the information needs of executives.
10.
1 - 10Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. A Decision Support System ExampleA Decision Support System Example
11.
1 - 11Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Operational & Managerial ISOperational & Managerial IS • Expert Systems – provide expert advice for operational chores or managerial decisions • Knowledge Management Systems – support the creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge to employees and managers
12.
1 - 12Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. IS Classifications by ScopeIS Classifications by Scope • Functional Business Systems – support basic business functions • Strategic Information Systems – support processes that provide a firm with strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage • Cross-functional Information Systems – integrated combinations of information systems
13.
1 - 13Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Measures of SuccessMeasures of Success • Efficiency • Minimize costs • Minimize time • Minimize the use of information resources • Effectiveness • Support an organization’s business strategies • Enable its business processes • Enhance its organizational structure and culture • Increase the customer business value of the enterprise
14.
1 - 14Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. What is a System?What is a System? Definition: A group of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.
15.
1 - 15Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. System ComponentsSystem Components • Input – capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed • Processing – transformation steps that convert input into output • Output – transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination
16.
1 - 16Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Cybernetic SystemsCybernetic Systems Definition: a self-monitoring, self-regulating system. • Feedback – data about the performance of a system • Control – monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal
17.
1 - 17Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. A Business SystemA Business System
18.
1 - 18Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Information System ResourcesInformation System Resources • People – end users and IS specialists • Hardware – physical devices and materials used in information processing including computer systems, peripherals, and media • Software – sets of information processing instructions including system software, application software and procedures
19.
1 - 19Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Information Systems Resources (con’t)Information Systems Resources (con’t) • Data – facts or observations about physical phenomena or business transactions • Network – communications media and network infrastructure
20.
1 - 20Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Data vs. InformationData vs. Information • Data – raw facts or observations typically about physical phenomena or business transactions • Information – data that have been converted into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users
21.
1 - 21Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network ResourcesNetwork Resources • Communications Media – examples include twisted-pair wire, coaxial and fiber-optic cables, microwave, cellular, and satellite wireless technologies • Network Infrastructure – examples include communications processors such as modems and internetwork processors, and communications control software such as network operating systems and Internet browser packages.
22.
1 - 22Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Information Systems ActivitiesInformation Systems Activities • Input of Data Resources • Processing of Data into Information • Output of Information Products • Storage of Data Resources • Control of System Performance
23.
1 - 23Copyright
© 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Recognizing Information SystemsRecognizing Information Systems Fundamental Components of IS • People, hardware, software, data and network resources used • Types of information products produced • Input, processing, output, storage and control activities performed
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