computer networking

1. OSI
Model
• The model
• Functions of the layers
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2. Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) Model
International standard organization (ISO) established a
committee in 1977 to develop an architecture for computer
communication.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is
the result of this effort.
In 1984, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
reference model was approved as an international
standard for communications architecture.
Term “open” denotes the ability to connect any two
systems which conform to the reference model and
associated standards.
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3. OSI Model
Layered Architecture
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4. Benefits of layered Architecture
Layer architecture simplifies the network design.
It is easy to debug network applications in a layered
architecture network.
The network management is easier due to the layered
architecture.
Network layers follow a set of rules, called protocol.
The protocol defines the format of the data being
exchanged, and the control and timing for the handshake
between layers.
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5. Organization of the Layers
The Seven layer can be belong from three Subgroups.
Layer 1 (Physical Layer)
Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) Network support layers
Layer 3 (Network Layer)
Layer 4 (Transport Layer)
Layer 5 (Session Layer)
Layer 6 (Presentation Layer) User support layers
Layer 7 (Application Layer)
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6. The interaction b/w layers in the OSI model
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7. An Exchange Using the OSI Model
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8. Physical Layer
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9. The physical layer is responsible for movements of
individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.
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10. Physical Layer
The physical layer is concerned with the following
1.Physical characteristics of interface and medium
2.Representation of bit
3.Data Rate
4.Synchronization of bits
5.Line configuration (Type of connection)
6.Physical topology
7.Transmission mode
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11. Data Link Layer
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12. The data link layer is responsible for moving
frames from one hop (node) to the next.
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13. Hop-to-hop delivery
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14. Data Link Layer
Responsibilities of data link layer
1.Framing
2.Physical address
3.Flow Control
4.Error Control
5.Access control
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15. Data Link Layer Example
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16. Network Layer
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17. The network layer is responsible for the
delivery of individual packets from
the source host to the destination host.

18. Source-to-destination delivery

19. Network Layer
Responsibility of the network layer
Implements routing of frames (packets) through the
network.
Defines the most optimum path the packet should take
from the source to the destination
Defines logical addressing so that any endpoint can be
identified.
Handles congestion in the network.
The network layer also defines how to fragment a packet
into smaller packets to accommodate different media.
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