presentation on the genetically modified crops and foods

1. GENETICALLY MODIFIED
MUSTARD
Submitted to: Mrs Mitali Mishra Submitted By : Ajay kumar chaurasiya
Roll no : 1616654001

2. Table of contents
• What is GMO
• Genetically modified crops
• Bt cotton
• Golden rice
• Flavr Savr tomato
• Why GMO is produced
• How GMO is produced
• GMO mustard & issues
• References

3. WHAT IS GMO
A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is a plant, animal,
microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been
modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic
technology.
 This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and virus genes
that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding
methods.

4. GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS
 There are various types of genetically modified crops are currently usd to grow in india.
Examples BT cotton, BT Brinjal, Golden rice’ Flavr Savr tomato are the major produced genetically
modified crops in india.
 In recent time genetically modified mustard is developed by Delhi University known as Dhara
Mustard Hybrid-11

5. BT COTTON
• Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically
modified pest resistant plant cotton variety, which produces
an insecticide to combat bollworm.
• Strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce over 200
different Bt toxins, each harmful to different insects.
• Most notably, Bt toxins are insecticidal to the larvae of moths and
butterflies, beetles, cotton bollworms and ghtu flies but are harmless to
other forms of life.
• The gene coding for Bt toxin has been inserted into cotton as
a transgene, causing it to produce this natural insecticide in its tissues.

6. GOLDEN RICE
Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced
through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a
precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice.
 It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and
consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A, a
deficiency which each year is estimated to kill 670,000
children under the age of 5 and cause an additional 500,000
cases of irreversible childhood blindness.
Rice is a staple food crop for over half of the world's
population, providing 30–72% of the energy intake for people
in Asian countries, and becoming an effective crop for
targeting vitamin deficiencies.

7. Flavr Savr tomato
Flavr Savr (also known as CGN-89564-2; pronounced "flavor saver"),
a genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially grown genetically
engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption.
Tomatoes have a short shelf-life in which they remain firm and ripe. This
lifetime may be shorter than the time needed for them to reach market when
shipped from winter growing areas to markets in the north, and the
softening process can also lead to more of the fruit being damaged during
transit.
Through genetic engineering, Calgene hoped to slow down the ripening
process of the tomato and thus prevent it from softening, while still
allowing the tomato to retain its natural colour and flavour. This would
allow it to fully ripen on the vine and still be shipped long distances without
it going soft.

8. WHY GMO IS PRODUCED
GMO is produced to
To improve the nutritional value of crop
To increase the self life of crop
To increase the insect resistance plant
To increase the flood and drought resistance of crop.

9. HOW GMO IS PRODUCED
Creating a genetically modified organism (GMO) is a multi-step
process.
 Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the
host organism.
 This gene can be taken from a cell or artificially synthesized.

11. GENETICALLY MODIFIED MUSTARD
Dhara Mustard Hybrid-11, otherwise known as DMH - 11, is
a genetically modified hybrid variety of the mustard species Brassica
juncea.
Developed by Delhi University Professor Deepak Pental.
DMH - 11 was created through transgenic technology.
primarily involving the Bar, Barnase and Barstar gene system. The
Barnase gene confers male sterility, while the Barstar gene restores
DMH - 11's ability to produce fertile seeds. The insertion of the third
gene Bar, enables DMH - 11 to produce phosphinothricin-N- acetyl-
transferase, the enzyme responsible for Glufosinate resistance.

12. This hybrid mustard variety has come under intense public scrutiny,
mainly due to concerns regarding DMH - 11's potential to adversely
affect the environment as well as consumer health. DMH - 11 was
found not to pose any food allergy risks, and has demonstrated
increased yields over existing mustard varieties.
Production rate of GMO mustard is approximately 30% greater than
tradional mustard crop.
Its gives us self dependent for production of oil.

14. As gmo mustard gives more production than tradional mustard it also
have various other advantage such as environmental stress survival
more oil concentration.
GEAC gives approval to genetic modified mustard.
It have some critical health and environment issues.
GMO reduces the biodiversity.
GMO mustard have glyphosate which gives herbicide resistance to it
which is declare a carcinozen by WHO.
GMO is harmful for our environment.

15. Some GMO are carcinozen so use of gmo crops are Dangerous.
 Using GMO increase the uses of herbicides and pesticides.
Long term impact on animal and environment is not yet known.
GMO is control by Cartagena protocol.
Have greater environmental risk.

16. REFERENCES
• GOOGLE
• WIKIPEDIA
• YOUTUBE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLrhJV40pBw
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMH-11_Mustard
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_crops