solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved. Solid-waste collection Collecting and transporting Proper solid-waste collection is important for the protection of public health, safety, and environmental quality. It is a labour-intensive activity, accounting for approximately three-quarters of the total cost of solid-waste management. Public employees are often assigned to the task, but sometimes it is more economical for private companies to do the work under contract to the municipality or for private collectors to be paid by individual home owners. A driver and one or two loaders serve each collection vehicle. These are typically trucks of the enclosed, compacting type, with capacities up to 30 cubic metres (40 cubic yards). Loading can be done from the front, rear, or side. Compaction reduces the volume of refuse in the truck to less than half of its loose volume. The task of selecting an optimal collection route is a complex problem, especially for large and densely populated cities. An optimal route is one that results in the most efficient use of labour and equipment, and selecting such a route requires the application of computer analyses that account for all the many design variables in a large and complex network. Variables include frequency of collection, haulage distance, type of service, and climate. Collection of refuse in rural areas can present a special problem, since the population densities are low, leading to high unit costs. Refuse collection usually occurs at least once per week because of the rapid decomposition of food waste. The amount of garbage in the refuse of an individual home can be reduced by garbage grinders, or garbage disposals. Ground garbage puts an extra load on sewerage systems, but this can usually be accommodated. Many communities now conduct source separation and recycling programs, in which homeowners and businesses separate recyclable materials from garbage and place them in separate containers for collection. In addition, some communities have drop-off centres where residents can bring recyclables. Transfer stations If the final destination of the refuse is not near the community in which it is generated, one or more transfer stations may be necessary. A transfer station is a central facility where refuse from many collection vehicles is combined into a larger vehicle, such as a tractor-trailer unit. Open-top trailers are designed to carry about 76 cubic metres

1. Submitted by
Aditya Rawat
B M L S (1st semester)
(2022-2023)
Submitted to
Mr. Avnish Mishra
Lecturer
BORA INSTITUTE OF NURSING & PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES
Solid Waste Management
Topic :
Subject- Environmental Science

2. Content
Solid waste
Types of solid waste
Cause of solid waste management
Effect of solid waste management
Control measures of solid waste
management

3. Solid Waste Management
Definition
Waste= Waste is defined as unwanted and unusual materials and
is regarded as a substance which is of no use
Like examples= Household rubbish, sewage, waste
manufacturing, garden waste etc.
SOLID WASTE
In simple words solid waste are any discharge or
abandoned material can be is solid , liquid, semi-solid or
containarized gaseous form etc.

4. Types of Solid Waste
1)Household Waste( Municipal waste or
agricultural waste etc.)
2)Industrial Waste ( Hazardous, construction
and Mining waste etc.)
3)Biomedical waste and Hospital waste
(Diagnosis treatment and human or animals
waste etc.)

5. SOLID WASTE
Household Waste Biomedical Waste/
Hospital Waste
Industrial Waste
Municipal Waste
Biodegradable Waste
Non- Biodegradable Waste
Agricultural Waste
Hazardous Waste (10%-
15%)
Non-Hazardous Waste
(75%-90%)
Hazardous
Waste
Construction
Waste
Mining Waste

6. Municipal Waste-(including household and
commercial waste)
Its generated by households and commercial
activities.
Ex- Paper , Glass or Metals etc.
Municipal Waste

7. Which is generated by household and
commercial activities that is capable of biological
decomposition .
Ex – Food waste and garden waste etc.
Biodegradable Waste

8. Non-Biodegradable Waste are those that
cannot be decompose or dissolved by natural agent.
Ex- Plastic, Metals and pesticides etc.
Non-Biodegradable Waste

9. Agricultural Waste
 Agricultural Waste are plants residue from agricultural.
 Its waste produce as a result of various agricultural operations.
Ex= Plants and food etc.
Agricultural Waste

10. Bio- Medical Waste
Bio- Medical Waste or Hospital Waste is
generated during the diagnosis , treatment or
immunization of human beings or animal , in research
activities in these field or in production or testing of
biological.
These are two types
1)Hazardous (10%-15%)
2)Non- Hazardous(75%-90%)

11. Hazardous waste are those that
may contain toxic substances generated from
industrial and hospital some types of household
waste
Ex- Medicines and pesticides.

12. Non-Hazardous waste are industrial waste or
can often be recycled and used as raw material .
Ex- Plastic, glass, paper and rappers

13. Industrial Waste
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial
or potential threats to public health or the environment .
Ex.- Automotive waste ( motors oil or antifreeze) , pesticides
(insecticides or herbicides and fungicides),
Mercury containing waste (thermometer or switches fluorescent
lightning.)

14. Its arise from the activities such as construction of
building and civil infrastructure total or partial demolition of
buildings, road planning.
Ex.- Sand , concrete and bricks .

15. Its arise from prospecting ,
extraction , treatment and storage of minerals
Ex.- Metals.

16. Cause of Solid Waste Management
Over Population
Urbanization
Rapid Industrialization
Air Pollution
Deforestation
Use of Non-biodegradable materials like plastic

17. Effects of Solid Waste Management
Litter Surrounding
Impact on human health
Disease
Environmental Problems
Solid and ground water pollution
Emittion of toxic gases
Impact on land and aquatic animals

18. Control measures of solid waste materials
Recovery and recycling
Compositing
Pyrolysis
Land fills
Open dumps
Sanitary land fills
Incineration plants
Vermiculture
Bioremediation
Mycofiltration

19. Thank you !