PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOETHANOL FROM WASTE PAPER.

1. PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOETHANOL FROM
WASTE PAPER
BY
SAFIYA ABDULKADIR
(1310312100)
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE, USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY, SOKOTO.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR DEGREE (B.Sc. HONS.) IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
NOVEMBER, 2017.

2. INTRODUCTION
 In most of countries of the world, energy is derived from crude oil and fossil fuels .
However, the problem associated with petroleum and fossil fuel are their limited supply
and cannot be renewed. The world population and increased in urbanization have directly
influenced the energy demand.
 The most common renewable fuel today is ethanol derived from corn grain(starch) and
sugar cane (sucrose).
 Ethanol is a colorless, biodegradable, low toxicity liquid that causes little environmental
pollution. The remarkable characteristics of ethanol distinguish it as the best alternative
fuel for automobile.

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
 The aim of this research is to produce bioethanol from waste paper and study the viability of
the bioethanol as fuel.
OBJECTIVES
 The specific objectives are;
 Production of bioethanol from waste paper via acid hydrolysis technology,
fermentation and distillation.
 To determine some of the physico-chemical properties of the bioethanol
produced and compare these properties with the literature standard in order to a
certain its suitability as fuel or otherwise.

4. TECHNOLOGY USED IN BIOETHANOL
PRODUCTION
 Enzymatic hydrolysis
using enzymes like trichoderma reesei.
 Acid hydrolysis
Using both concentrated and dilute acid for the pretreatment.
 Alkaline hydrolysis
Calcium hydroxide (caoh) has shown to be an effective
pretreatment agent.

5. PROCESSING OF BIOMASS TO
ETHANOL
 Pretreatment and first stage hydrolysis
 Second stage hydrolysis
 Fermentation

6. METHODS
 Conversion Process
 Fermentation Process
 Distillation

7. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
 Test for Density
 Specific Gravity
 Boiling Point
 Viscosity

8. RESULT
 Table 3.1 shows the experimental result which contained the average results
for viscosity, density, boiling point and specific gravity of the bioethanol
produced.
Viscosity(cp)
At 400C
Boiling point
(oC)
Specific
gravity
Density
(G/cm3)
% yield of
ethanol
Quantity of
ethanol(cm3)
0.50 74 0.99 0.97 57 53

9.  Table 3.2: Comparisons of the physico-chemical properties of the produced
bioethanol with standard specifications.
Parameters (standard value) ASTM 4806 Specification Experimental value
Density (g/cm3) 0.794 0.970
Specific gravity 0.793 0.990
Boiling point (oC) 78.37 74.33
Viscosity (Cp.) 0.948 0.5

10. DISCUSSION
 From the resulting data of the analysis, Table 3.1 and 3.2 shows the physico
chemical properties of the bioethanol produced and that of standard from the
literature respectively.
 The result obtained shows that 57% ethanol was obtained through the waste
paper conversion. The volume of bioethanol produce from 90g of organic
waste was 53cm3. These values are lower than the one reported in literature
and this might be as a result of the characteristics of the feedstock used and
the technology employed.
 The Results obtained in this work showed that both the conversion and
fermentation processes were effective.

11. CONCLUSION
 The yield and properties of bioethanol produced was investigated and
compared with the ASTM D4806 specification. The properties investigated
which are important parameter for quality of ethanol was found to be 0.5 cp
viscosity, 0.970g/cm3 density
 The conversion process employed for waste newspapers was achieved by acid
hydrolysis where the complex cellulose structure was broken down into simple
fermentable sugar. Therefore, production of bioethanol from waste paper
served as one of the process of waste management and this solid waste is the
promising feedstock for ethanol production considering it availability and low
cost.

12. RECOMMENDATION
 Having successfully carried out this research, the following are recommended;
 People need to be oriented on the significance of using biofuel over
mineral fuel in terms of its health and environmental impact.
 There is need to develop more efficient and economic pretreatment
process.
 Department laboratory should not solely depend on the school power. A
standby power source should be provided in the lab for effective
research work.

13. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING