INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF QUINIZARIN is discussed. 1,4-dihydroxy anthraquinone is impotant for dyestuff.

1. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF
QUINIZARIN
Quinizarin is an orange or red-brown crystalline powder
Solvent Orange 86

2. REACTION
H2SO4
H3BO3
Phthalic
anhydride
p-chlorophenol Quinizarin

3. RAW MATERIALS AND COST
CHEMICAL QUANTITY COST (Rs)
Phthalic anhydride 950 kg 428 /kg
p-chlorophenol 750 kg 1376 /kg
Boric acid 350 kg 359 /kg
Sulfuric acid 2170 L 251 /L
Toluene 2000 L 350 /L

4. CHEMICAL TABLE
Chemicals Weight(g) Molecular
Weight(g)
Moles Molar
ratio
Weight
ratio
P-chlorophenol 7.5 128 0.058 1 1
Phthalic
anhydride
9.5 148 0.064 1.103 1.27
Sulfuric acid 40 98 0.41 7.069 5.33
Boric acid 3.5 61.83 0.06 1.034 0.47

5. PROCESS
 Sulfuric acid (2170 L) is added to the
reactor
 Boric acid (350 kg) is taken in a 5000 L
reactor the temperature is raised to about
110oC and incubated for about 45-60
minutes.
 Then phthalic anhydride (950 kg) is added
and the heat released by the reaction
temperature was raised to about 130oC.

6. PROCESS
Phthalic
anhydride
p-chlorophenol
o After the addition of pthalic anhydride,
o p-chlorophenol (750 kg) is added repeatedly in
batches for over 4 hours.

7. PROCESS
 The temperature control throughout the
addition is maintained at about 130-150oC.
 After adding p-chlorophenol, the
temperature is raised to 200-205oC and the
mixture is incubated for around 5 hours.

8. PROCESS
o The reaction product is then placed in a
pre-hydrolysis water (12000 L) and the
temperature is maintained at 100oC.
 Now, toluene (2000 L) is added to the
hydrolysis vessel with stirring over 30
minutes.

9. PROCESS
 The mixture is allowed to stand and then again hot
water (1000 L) is added for washing.
 The toluene extract is fed to a distillation kettle
where the distilled toluene is recycled.
 After the evaporation of toluene, high vaccum pump
is turned on,
 the mixture is added to another kettle sublimation
and 1,4-dihydroxy anthraquinone is obtained.
 Quinizarin obtained is 1250 kg
 The yield is 89.28%. The purity is 98%.

10. PA SULFURIC
ACID
REACTOR 1
H3BO3 PCP
REACTOR 2
WATER
WASTE
ACID
TOLUENE
DIS
TIL
LAT
ION
QUINIZARIN

11. REFERENCES
 CN1289756A
 Novel synthetic approach for 1,4-
dihydroxyanthraquinone and the development
of its lithiated salts as anode materials for
aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries