Which is deal-with understand the concept of cancer and how to face the same.

1. Cancer
&
Antineoplastic agents
By
Dr. G. Balakrishnan
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry
Vivekananda College
Madurai, Tamil Nadu1/28/2020 1

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3. Cancer: is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth.
Antineoplastic: acting to prevent, inhibit or stop the development of a cancer.
Mitosis under a fluorescence microscope
https://gfycat.com/ko/gifs/detail/accuratewholekinglet
https://gfycat.com/ko/gifs/detail/thunderousmixedacornwoodpecker
Cancer: Unregulated Cell Division
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5. The close-up view of how cancer cells enter the bloodstream to spread
the disease. (Cancer Res. 2014 (74) 4937-4945)
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/74/17/4937
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6. There are over 200 types of cancer.
The problem
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. The most
common causes of cancer death are cancers of:
Lung (1.69 million deaths)
Liver (788 000 deaths)
Colorectal (774 000 deaths)
Stomach (754 000 deaths)
Breast (571 000 deaths)
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7. What causes cancer?
• Physical carcinogens: ultraviolet
and ionizing radiation…
• Chemical carcinogens: asbestos,
components of tobacco smoke,
aflatoxin (a food contaminant),
and arsenic (a drinking water
contaminant).
• biological carcinogens: infections
from certain viruses, bacteria, or
parasites.
https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/health-conditions/cancer.html
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8. 1. Unexplained weight loss
2. Frequent fevers or infections
3. Weakness and fatigue
4. Wheezing or shortness of breath
5. Chronic cough and chest pain
6. Bloating
7. Chronic heartburn
8. Bowel problems
9. Difficulty swallowing
10.Jaundice
11.Lumps in the body
12.New or changing skin spots or moles
13.Changes in nails
14.Abdominal pain
15.Unexplained pain lasting more than four weeks
16.Abnormal bleeding
http://drleonardcoldwell.com/potential-warning-signs-cancer-people-often-ignore/
Symptoms of cancer:
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9. Treatment
 Cancer treatment depends on the types, stage and
location of tumor, but most patients undergo
chemotherapy either as the main treatment or in
combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy.
Survival rate:
 Types
 Stage of tumor,
 Age,
 Sex,
 Socioeconomic situation of each patient.
The following are some common diagnostic tests:
1. A review of health history
2. Physical examination
3. Laboratory tests (blood, urine, etc.)
4. Biopsy
5. Imaging tests (X-ray, PET/CT, MRI,
ultrasound, etc.)
6. Nuclear medicine scans (bone scans, etc.)
7. Endoscopy
8. Genetic tests
Diagnosis
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10. Antineoplastic agent
 50 % of tumors are treated with platinum-based drugs.
Ref: Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2017(11) 599–616
Fig. Platinum(II) complexes approved worldwide for clinical use in cancer treatment.
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11. 11
currently in clinical trials
Ref: Clin. Cancer Res. 2004, 11, 3717−27
Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2004, 4, 1525−35
J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2010, 15, 737−748.
Ref: ACS Chem. Biol. 2014, 9, 2180-2193
Fig. Evolution of organometallic complexes in cancer therapy (Left) and potential anticancer activity of some
Rhenium(I) complexes (Right)
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13. STAGES OF CANCER (colon)
Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine
Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon
Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon
Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
Stage IV: Cancer that has spread to other organs
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14. Chemotherapy is the use of any drug to treat any disease. But to
most people, the word chemotherapy means drugs used for cancer
treatment. It’s often shortened to “chemo.”
Surgery and radiation therapy remove, kill, or damage cancer cells in
a certain area, but chemo can work throughout the whole body.
This means chemo can kill cancer cells that have spread
(metastasized) to parts of the body far away from the original
(primary) tumor.
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