Presentation

1. DIARRHOEA
TYPES
ROLL NO. 20073

2. •ACUTE-<2 Weeks
•CHRONIC->4 Weeks

3. CAUSES OF ACUTE DIARRHEA
• Food Poisoning
• Bacterial Infections(E.coli, Shigella, Salmonella,
Campylobacter, Yersinia
• Viral Infections-Rotavirus
• Protozoan infections-Entamoeba ,Giardia lamblia
• Drugs- Antibiotics, Laxatives, Antacids(Mg), Anticholinergics
drugs, Quinidine, Cardiac glycosides

4. CAUSES OF CHRONIC DIARRHEA
• OSMOTIC DIARRHEA (osmotic laxatives and lactose)
• SECRETORY DIARRHEA(bacterial toxins, hormones, fatty
and bile acids, laxatives)
• INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA (infections, inflammatory bowel
disease, lymphoma)

5. TRANSMISSION
• Most infectious diarrhea are acquired by faecal-oral transmission.
• In the immunocompetent person, the resident faecal microflora,
containing>500 distinct species, are rarely the source of diarrhea and
may actually play a role in suppressing the growth of ingested
pathogens.

6. • Disturbances of flora by antibiotics can lead to
diarrhea by reducing the digestive function or by
allowing the overgrowth of pathogens such as
clostridium difficile

8. ASSESSMENT OF DEHYDRATION IN
DIARRHEA
MILD DEHYDRATION MODERATE
DEHYDRATION
SEVERE
DEHYDRATION
APPEARANCE IRRITABLE
,THIRSTY
IRRITABLE VERY
THIRSTY
LETHARGY, -
COMA,
UNCONSCIOU
SNESS
EYES NORMAL SUNKEN SUNKEN
SKIN NORMAL SLOW
RETRACTION
VERY SLOW
RETRACTION
PULSE NORMAL RAPID AND LOW
VOLUME
FEEBLE OR
IMPERCEPTIB
LE
MUCOSA NORMAL DRY VERY DRY

9. FIVE HIGH RISK GROUPS FOR
DIARRHEA
• TRAVELLERS
• CONSUMERS OF CERTAIN DIET(Shigella from chicken,
enterohaemorrhagic E.coli from undercooked hamburger)
• IMMUNODEFICIENT PERSONS
• DAYCARE ATTENDEES AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS
• INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS

10. THANK YOU