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Working in Groups ppt 5ed
1.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Working in Groups: 5th edition This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: - any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; - preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; - any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Isa N. Engleberg Prince George’s Community College Dianna R. Wynn Nash Community College
2.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3: Group Membership
3.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
4.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Match the Need to the Group Need A. Physiological B. Safety C. Belongingness D. Esteem E. Self-Actualization Group ___ police force ___ family ___ garden society ___ adult literacy group ___ sorority/fraternity ___ executive club ___ pro basketball team
5.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Schutz’s Theory of Interpersonal Needs • Need for INCLUSION • Need for CONTROL • Need for AFFECTION Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientation (FIRO)
6.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Inclusion Needs “I need to feel accepted by the group.” “I feel accepted by the group.” Social Member “I don’t feel accepted by or involved in the group.” “I won’t participate much in group discussions.” “I try to gain the group’s attention.” Undersocial Member Oversocial Member
7.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. “I need to feel influential and important.” “Others respect me.” Democratic Member “I don’t have influence in the group.” “I just do what I am told.” “I try to dominate the group.” Abdicrat Autocrat Control Needs
8.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. “I need to feel that others like me.” “I feel that others like me and if they don’t, that’s OK.” Personal Member “I’m not sure that others like me.” “I avoid friendships with other members.” “I confide in and try to become very close with others.” Underpersonal Member Overpersonal Member Affection Needs
9.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Group Role Categories
10.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Group Task Roles 1. Initiator 2. Information Seeker 3. Coordinator- Chairperson 4. Information Giver 5. Opinion Seeker 6. Opinion Giver 7. Clarifier-Summarizer 8. Implementer- Completer 9. Evaluator-Critic 10. Energizer 11. Procedural Technician 12.Recorder-Secretary
11.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Group Maintenance Roles 1. Encourager-Supporter 2. Harmonizer 3. Compromiser 4. Tension Releaser 5. Gatekeeper 6. Observer-Interpreter 7. Teamworker-Follower
12.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Identify Roland’s Role(s) Roland expresses his personal opinions and feelings. He summarizes group progress and draws conclusions. When group members argue, he mediates conflict and paraphrases what others say. ___ Compromiser ___ Gatekeeper ___ Harmonizer ___ Observer-Interpreter ___ Evaluator ___ Clarifier-Summarizer ___ Energizer ___ Opinion Giver ___ Recognition Seeker ___ Follower
13.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Self-Centered Roles 1. Aggressor 2. Blocker 3. Dominator 4. Recognition Seeker 5. Clown 6. Deserter 7. Confessor 8. Special Interest Pleader
14.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Quiz “Maria, we haven’t heard from you yet and want to make sure that everyone gets a chance to weigh in on this issue” would most likely be said by a group member assuming the role of a(n): a. Harmonizer b. Standard monitor c. Observer-interpreter d. Gatekeeper e. Procedural technician
15.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Group and Member Confidence • Members who lack confidence are less likely to share what they know or voice their opinions. • Confident members are more effective group members. • Confident groups are more likely to succeed.
16.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Communication Apprehension • “An individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons.” • About 20 percent of the general population experiences very high levels of communication apprehension. Virginia P. Richmond and James C. McCroskey, Communication: Apprehension, Avoidance, and Effectiveness
17.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. How Confident Are You? • Are you comfortable participating in group discussions? • Do you like to get involved in group discussions? • Are you afraid to express yourself at meetings? • Are you relaxed when answering questions at a meeting?
18.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. High Apprehensives • Avoid participation • Talk less often • Agree with others • Smile or giggle inappropriately • Fidget • Use awkward fillers phrases, e.g. “uh” • Have difficulty following a discussion
19.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Low Apprehensives • Initiate discussion • Speak more often • Assert themselves • Are more likely to become leaders • Choose when to speak or be silent • Appear confident • May dominate discussion
20.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Strategies for Coping with Communication Apprehension • Strategy: Know that you are not alone. • Strategy: ________________________. • Strategy: ________________________. • Strategy: Learn communication skills. • Strategy: ________________________. • Strategy: ________________________. • Strategy: ________________________.
21.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Constructive Feedback Guidelines for providing constructive feedback to enhance member confidence: • Focus on the behavior, not the person. • Describe rather than judge behavior. • Provide observations rather than opinions. • Choose an appropriate time and place for feedback rather than ignoring the situation. • Give feedback to help others rather than to meet your own needs.
22.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. If you are a low apprehensive . . . Supportive highly apprehensive group members by: • providing constructive feedback. • _______________________________. • _______________________________.
23.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Confidence in Virtual Groups Why are some people more confident communicating in virtual groups? • ____________________________________. • They may not have to reveal information about their appearance, gender, race, status, etc. • Other members may overestimate a person’s qualities and abilities. • ____________________________________. • ____________________________________.
24.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Quiz Highly apprehensive group members . . . a. are less intelligent than other members. b. are less hard-working than other members. c. are more intelligent and creative than other members. d. are more likely to be seen as leaders. e. can successfully participate in group discussions.
25.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Assertiveness Speaking up and acting in your own best interests without denying the rights and interests of others
26.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Assertive Group Members • Appear confident, honest, open, and cooperative • Volunteer ideas and opinions • Ask and answer questions without fear or hostility • Stand up for their beliefs, even when others disagree • Express their feelings openly • Respect and defend the rights and opinions of others
27.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Balancing Passivity and Aggression • Passive group members often lack confidence. –Reluctant to express their opinions and feelings, fear criticism, and usually do what they are told • Aggressive members act in their own self-interest at the expense of others. –Critical, insensitive, combative, and even abusive
28.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Passive-Aggressive Members Passive-aggressive members mask aggression by appearing passive or cooperative. – They rarely exhibit aggressive behavior. – They do not respect the rights of others. – They often get what they want by • undermining others behind their backs. • deceiving others about their intentions.
29.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Group Effectiveness and Member Assertiveness
30.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Assertiveness Skills in Groups • Devote time to preparing for meetings. • Ask a colleague to help you get a chance to speak. • Express your opinions clearly. • _______________________________. • _______________________________. • _______________________________. • _______________________________.
31.
©2010, 2007, 2003
Pearson Education, Inc. Assertiveness Skills in Groups • Devote time to preparing for meetings. • Ask a colleague to help you get a chance to speak. • Express your opinions clearly. • Maintain direct eye contact. • Assume an assertive body posture. • Express your feelings as well as thoughts. • Speak expressively (volume, pitch, rate).
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