Introduction Glycoprotein Different sugar found in glycoprotein Types of glycoprotein N-linked glycoprotein O-linked glycoprotein Example of glycoproteins Hormones that are glycoprotein Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Erythropoietin hormone, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), Enzymes that are glycoprotein, Viral glycoprotein, Conclusions References

1. By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. Synopsis:-
 Introduction
 Glycoprotein
 Different sugar found in glycoprotein
 Types of glycoprotein
o N-linked glycoprotein
o O-linked glycoprotein
 Example of glycoproteins
 Hormones that are glycoprotein
o Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
o Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
o Luteinizing hormone (LH)
o Erythropoietin hormone
o Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
 Enzymes that are glycoprotein
 Viral glycoprotein
 Conclusions
 References

3. Introduction:-
• Various types of compound consisting of
carbohydrate covalently linked with other types of
chemical constituent are classified under the
general name of glyco-conjugates.

4. Glycoprotein:
• Glycoproteins are cell molecules made out of
carbohydrates and proteins.
• A glycoprotein molecule can vary in its
carbohydrate-protein ratio, depending on the type
of molecule it is.

5. Different sugars found in Glyco-protein
Glucose:-
• Glucose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology.
• It is used as an energy source in most organisms.

6. Galactose:-Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar .
Mannose: Mannose is a sugar, monomer of the aldohexose series of
carbohydrates
Fucose: Found in breast milk.
Xylose: Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose
type.
N-acetyl-neuraminic acid:- Formula-C11H19NO.
N-acetyl-glucosamine:- N-acetyl-glucosamine is a monosaccharide
derivative of glucose.
N-acetyl-galactosamine:- Assists in cell to cell communication.

7. Types of glycoprotein:-

8. Example of glycoproteins
Collagen:-
• It is the most abundant protein in mammals,
making up from 25% to 35% of the whole body
protein content .
• Mostly found in fibrous tissues, such as tendons,
ligaments, and skin, and is also abundant in
corneas.

9. Mucins:
• Mucins characteristics is their ability to form gels,
therefore they are a key component in most gel like
secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell
signaling to forming chemical barriers.
• Human lacrimal glands produce a glycoprotein.
• Human sweat glands secrete glycoprotein.

10. Immunoglobulin

11. Zona pellucida (ZP):-
Zona
pellucida

12. Hormones That Are Glycoproteins:-
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
• Luteinizing hormone (LH).
• Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH).
• Human chorionic gonadotropin
• Erythropoietin

13. FSH:-
• FSH is a glycoprotein
• FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal
maturation and reproductive processes of the
human body.

14. LH
• Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by
gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
• In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation
and development of the corpus luteum.
• In males, where LH had also been called interstitial
cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates leydig
cell production of testosterone.
• LH levels are normally low during childhood and in
women, high after menopause

15. TSH
• It is a glycoprotein hormone synthesized a secreted
by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland,
which regulates the endocrine function of the
thyroid gland.

16. Erythropoietin:
• Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that
controls erythropoiesis or RBC production.
• It is also involved in the wound healing process

17. Enzymes that are glycoprotein
Oxidoreductase enzyme:
Oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the
transfer of electrons from one molecule, the
reductant also called the electron donor to another
the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor

18. Transferases enzyme:-
• Transferase is the general name for the class of
enzyme that enact the transfer of specific
functional groups from one molecule to another.
Alkaline phosphatase:-
• Alkaline phosphatase is a hydrolase enzyme
responsible for removing phosphate groups from
many types of molecules

19. Viral glycoprotein:-
Gp120
protein

20. References:-
• Lehninger Principles of biochemistry-
Nelson and Cox (5th edition).
• www.wikipedia.com