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How the meaning of celebrity
     has changed over time
Who are celebrities?




                   Those in   Theatre actors   Film stars and    Media
Town Crier         power      & play writes    music stars       personality


14th Century                                                        21st Century




   Notorious for
                                                                Notorious
    their role
The meaning of “Celebrity” has changed




 “Condition of being famous” (circa 16th Century)



             “Famous Person” (1849)



“A person easily recognized in a society or culture”
                   (2011 Wikipedia)
The actual „thing‟ is now less important



        Recognition                 Fortune



                      Career
                      Pinnacle

          Praise                    Fame




                      [hard work]




                      Career
                      junior
The actual „thing‟ is now less important




  Fame               Fortune


     We now put a premium on Fame
Media has helped shape our associations of
             what a celebrity is




Protected by Hollywood studio system   Promoted by the Hollywood PR system
Our relationship with „celebrity‟ has changed


                                American teenage girls were asked:

       If you could press a magic button and become one of the following,
                              which would you choose?




                  Smarter             Stronger    Famous
                                                    Famous       More beautiful




Source: Jake Halpern‟s Fame Junkies
Our relationship with „celebrity‟ has changed


                                      American students were asked:

                       Which of the following would you choose to be:




      CEO of
                            President of                                                   An assistant to
    Fortune 500                                   A Navy Seal          A US Senator
                            Harvard/Yale                                                    a celebrity
     Company

                                                                 42% chose to be the assistant to a celebrity
                                                  This rose to 67% for those that had poor grades at school
                                  It rose to 80% for those that considered themselves unpopular at school




Source: Jake Halpern‟s Fame Junkies
We have a need to be recognised




           “In this society, if you‟re not
          famous, there is a certain very
           real sense in which you don‟t
                         exist”



Source: Thomas de Zengotita‟s Mediated
Social media is not responsible for this, but it
 is a vehicle for which this has accelerated



     The Media                The Social Media

     Controlled                Uncontrolled
     Regulated                 Unregulated
      Owned                  Multiple ownership
    Accountable              No accountability


 Lack of longstanding approved social norms
          Taps in to our latent curiosity
Our access to celebrities has been fast
          tracked by social media




Youtube enhanced our relationships with celebrities
        “Access” to new, shared content
Celebrities played by the new rules of
  engagement (some better than others)




                          Vs.




  Connected with
                                Needs a Social Media
 millions of previously
                                    Manager...
neglected audiences
Some celebrities‟ uses of social media have
              evolved further




   Lights her stage shows     “Team Britney”
  for youtube and allows       manages her
         fans to film       reputation very well
We got confused




         “Facebook is like a magazine
             and we‟re all famous”




Source: Someone in my extended family (not naming names)
We „perform‟ on social networks




                                                “Everything‟s
                                                  amazing”


                         Social networks make liars of us all

                                Leads to “Facebook Envy”*

                   The lines blur between real relationships
                          and celebrity relationships

*Source: Alex Jordan PhD – Personality and Social Psychology Journal
The emergence of parasocial relationships




  One way relationships
                           “Celebrity fraternity”
    with celebrities
Anyone can be a celebrity




                   Or from commenting
…even a cat
                       on celebrities
The definition of celebrity has changed
                     again



 “Condition of being famous” (circa 16th Century)

             “Famous Person” (1849)

“A person easily recognized in a society or culture”
                   (2011 Wikipedia)

        “Anyone with parasocial influence”
           (Malcolm Devoy Feb 2011)
Thank you



          Malcolm Devoy
            Head of 247Social
malcolm.devoy@247social.co.uk

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How the meaning of celebrity has changed

  • 1. How the meaning of celebrity has changed over time
  • 2. Who are celebrities? Those in Theatre actors Film stars and Media Town Crier power & play writes music stars personality 14th Century 21st Century Notorious for Notorious their role
  • 3. The meaning of “Celebrity” has changed “Condition of being famous” (circa 16th Century) “Famous Person” (1849) “A person easily recognized in a society or culture” (2011 Wikipedia)
  • 4. The actual „thing‟ is now less important Recognition Fortune Career Pinnacle Praise Fame [hard work] Career junior
  • 5. The actual „thing‟ is now less important Fame Fortune We now put a premium on Fame
  • 6. Media has helped shape our associations of what a celebrity is Protected by Hollywood studio system Promoted by the Hollywood PR system
  • 7. Our relationship with „celebrity‟ has changed American teenage girls were asked: If you could press a magic button and become one of the following, which would you choose? Smarter Stronger Famous Famous More beautiful Source: Jake Halpern‟s Fame Junkies
  • 8. Our relationship with „celebrity‟ has changed American students were asked: Which of the following would you choose to be: CEO of President of An assistant to Fortune 500 A Navy Seal A US Senator Harvard/Yale a celebrity Company 42% chose to be the assistant to a celebrity This rose to 67% for those that had poor grades at school It rose to 80% for those that considered themselves unpopular at school Source: Jake Halpern‟s Fame Junkies
  • 9. We have a need to be recognised “In this society, if you‟re not famous, there is a certain very real sense in which you don‟t exist” Source: Thomas de Zengotita‟s Mediated
  • 10. Social media is not responsible for this, but it is a vehicle for which this has accelerated The Media The Social Media Controlled Uncontrolled Regulated Unregulated Owned Multiple ownership Accountable No accountability Lack of longstanding approved social norms Taps in to our latent curiosity
  • 11. Our access to celebrities has been fast tracked by social media Youtube enhanced our relationships with celebrities “Access” to new, shared content
  • 12. Celebrities played by the new rules of engagement (some better than others) Vs. Connected with Needs a Social Media millions of previously Manager... neglected audiences
  • 13. Some celebrities‟ uses of social media have evolved further Lights her stage shows “Team Britney” for youtube and allows manages her fans to film reputation very well
  • 14. We got confused “Facebook is like a magazine and we‟re all famous” Source: Someone in my extended family (not naming names)
  • 15. We „perform‟ on social networks “Everything‟s amazing” Social networks make liars of us all Leads to “Facebook Envy”* The lines blur between real relationships and celebrity relationships *Source: Alex Jordan PhD – Personality and Social Psychology Journal
  • 16. The emergence of parasocial relationships One way relationships “Celebrity fraternity” with celebrities
  • 17. Anyone can be a celebrity Or from commenting …even a cat on celebrities
  • 18. The definition of celebrity has changed again “Condition of being famous” (circa 16th Century) “Famous Person” (1849) “A person easily recognized in a society or culture” (2011 Wikipedia) “Anyone with parasocial influence” (Malcolm Devoy Feb 2011)
  • 19. Thank you Malcolm Devoy Head of 247Social malcolm.devoy@247social.co.uk