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Sautter 2015
(1) A source voltage, that is, an electron pump usually
a battery or power supply.
[ ENERGY IN]
(2) A conductor to carry electrons from and to the voltage
source (pump). The conductor is often a wire.
[ENERGY TRANSFER]
(3) A load or resistance. A point where energy is extracted
form the circuit in the form of heat, light, motion, etc.
[ENERGY OUT]
All electrical circuits require three elements.
2
ELECTRON
PUMP
(SOURCE VOLTAGE)
[ENERGY IN]
LOAD
(RESISTANCE)
[ENERGY OUT]
CONDUCTOR
ELECTRONS
OUT OF SOURCE
ELECTRONS
OUT OF LOAD
ELECTRONS
BACK TO
SOURCE
ELECTRONS
INTO
LOAD
HIGHER ENERGY ELECTRONS LOWER ENERGY ELECTRONS
CONDUCTOR
3
Voltage Source
(Potential Rise)
Low
Energy
current
High
Energy
current
Resistance
(Potential Drop)
Low
Energy
current
High
Energy
current
4
volts
Battery current
Electrons have
Less Energy
Electrons have
More Energy Electrons get
An energy boost
current
5
volts
Resistor current
Electrons have
More Energy
Electrons have
Less Energy Energy is lost
In the resistor
6
(1) VOLTAGE RISE – MEASURES THE ENERGY GIVEN TO ELECTRONS AS
THEY LEAVE A VOLTAGE SOURCE. IT IS MEASURED IN VOLTS (+)
(2) VOLTAGE DROP – MEASURES THE ENERGY LOST BY TO ELECTRONS
WHEN THEY LEAVE A RESISTANCE. IT IS MEASURED IN VOLTS (-)
(3) CURRENT – MEASURES THE FLOW RATE THROUGH A CONDUCTOR.
IT IS MEASURED IN AMPERES (AMPS)
(4)RESISTANCE – MEASURES THE OPPOSITION TO CURRENT FLOW
THROUGH A CONDUCTOR OR RESISTOR
IT IS MEASURED IN OHMS (ITS SYMBOL IS OMEGA )
7
6.25 x 10 18electrons
1 coulomb
1 second
1 amp = 1 coul / sec
1 joule
1 coulomb of charge
1 volt = 1 joule / coul
ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
8
AMPS
volts
Ammeters measure
current in amperes
and are always
wired in series in
the circuit.
Voltmeters measure
potential in volts
and are always
wired in parallel
in the circuit.
9
10
11
12
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Electrical Circuits

  • 2. (1) A source voltage, that is, an electron pump usually a battery or power supply. [ ENERGY IN] (2) A conductor to carry electrons from and to the voltage source (pump). The conductor is often a wire. [ENERGY TRANSFER] (3) A load or resistance. A point where energy is extracted form the circuit in the form of heat, light, motion, etc. [ENERGY OUT] All electrical circuits require three elements. 2
  • 3. ELECTRON PUMP (SOURCE VOLTAGE) [ENERGY IN] LOAD (RESISTANCE) [ENERGY OUT] CONDUCTOR ELECTRONS OUT OF SOURCE ELECTRONS OUT OF LOAD ELECTRONS BACK TO SOURCE ELECTRONS INTO LOAD HIGHER ENERGY ELECTRONS LOWER ENERGY ELECTRONS CONDUCTOR 3
  • 5. volts Battery current Electrons have Less Energy Electrons have More Energy Electrons get An energy boost current 5
  • 6. volts Resistor current Electrons have More Energy Electrons have Less Energy Energy is lost In the resistor 6
  • 7. (1) VOLTAGE RISE – MEASURES THE ENERGY GIVEN TO ELECTRONS AS THEY LEAVE A VOLTAGE SOURCE. IT IS MEASURED IN VOLTS (+) (2) VOLTAGE DROP – MEASURES THE ENERGY LOST BY TO ELECTRONS WHEN THEY LEAVE A RESISTANCE. IT IS MEASURED IN VOLTS (-) (3) CURRENT – MEASURES THE FLOW RATE THROUGH A CONDUCTOR. IT IS MEASURED IN AMPERES (AMPS) (4)RESISTANCE – MEASURES THE OPPOSITION TO CURRENT FLOW THROUGH A CONDUCTOR OR RESISTOR IT IS MEASURED IN OHMS (ITS SYMBOL IS OMEGA ) 7
  • 8. 6.25 x 10 18electrons 1 coulomb 1 second 1 amp = 1 coul / sec 1 joule 1 coulomb of charge 1 volt = 1 joule / coul ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES 8
  • 9. AMPS volts Ammeters measure current in amperes and are always wired in series in the circuit. Voltmeters measure potential in volts and are always wired in parallel in the circuit. 9
  • 10. 10
  • 11. 11