2. Water
Everything is made of atoms. An atom is the smallest
particle of an element, like oxygen or hydrogen. Atoms
join together to form molecules. A water molecule
has three atoms: two hydrogen (H) atoms and one
oxygen (O) atom. That's why water is sometimes
referred to as H2O. A single drop of water contains
billions of water molecules.
3. Water in our daily lives
Water has been important for people for
thousands of years. Without water there would
be no life on earth.
We use water in our houses for
drinking, cooking, bathing and washing the
dishes, clothes. Water is used to grow food. In
many dry areas farmers must bring water to the
fields through canals and expensive irrigation
systems .
Industries and factories also use water. Fruits
and vegetables must be cleaned before they can
be processed and sold in supermarkets. Water is
used for cooling in many areas, for example
in steel production.
4. Many countries around the world use water to
produce energy. Power
stations burn coal which turns water
into steam. Countries with many mountains
and rivers use the power of water to
produce electricity .
Water is important for our free time. People
enjoy themselves at seaside resorts or
on cruise trips .
Transportation was at first carried
out on waterways . Ancient civilizations
traded goods across the Mediterranean Sea .
Today oil, coal, wheat and other products are
transported on waterways.
5. Water Measurement Units
There are two conditions under which water is
measured water at rest and water in motion.
Water at rest is like water in
tanks, lakes, reservoirs etc. is
measured in units of volume(liters, gallons, feet
and cusecs). Water in motion is measured
In flow unit of volume for a convenient unit time
(cubic centimeters / sec).
6. Where do we get water from?
We get water from different water sources in our
surroundings.In most villages
wells, canals, tanks, ponds, rivers etc. are the main
water sources.
Water is not only avilable from these sources but also
present in certain fruits and vegetables.
Ex: Cucumber, Water melon.
Our body also contains 70% of water by weight.
9. Water on the Earth
We are all living on this planet, Earth. Almost 3/4 of our
planet is covered by
water. That is why Earth is often called
"the planet of water”.
Is this water useful for us?
Sea water is salty but water used by us in our daily
purposes is not salty. It is known as fresh water.
10. Droughts – water scarcity
If there is no rain for long period , it may cause drought.
During this period it is very difficult to get food and
fodder; drinking water is scarce. People need to travel
long distances to collect water.Soil becomes dry and
cultivation is difficult. Many people depending on
farming for their livelihood, migrate to other places in
search of jobs.
In A.P Anantapur and Mahaboobnagar districts are
treated as drought prone areas.
11. Activities for the students
Activity-1: Water and its uses
Activity-2: Quantity of water
Activity-3: How much water do we use daily?
Activity-4: How the well was dug?
Activity-5: Droughts- water scarcity
Activity-6: Drought affects our life
Activity-7: How much water do we waste?
Activity-8: Floods a natural hazard.
12. Conclusion
Water is essential for
everyone. We are sharing this precious
water with all life on Earth. Don’t waste even a single
drop of water. So we have
to share the responsibility of keeping the
water clean.
A little bit of environmentally friendly behavior can
make a difference! We must all keep Earth safe
and clean for everyone in the world and for our
future generations.
