5. What Is Knowledge? Knowledge is the human interpretation of data / information for potential action Essentially knowledge is people based Tacit Explicit Embedded ( Experience, past memories, hard to catalogue, document) (Formal, codified, data bases, policy manuals, white papers etc.)
6. Knowledge Processes Focus on new knowledge Focus on existing knowledge Process focus Content focus 1. Locating & Capturing 2. Sharing 3. Creating (innovation)
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11. Building Blocks For Holistic Knowledge Management Solutions Organisational / cultural Enablers Technology Enablers 30% 20% 50% Knowledge Processes 30% 20% Integration
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15. Culture change initiatives Establish Knowledge sharing as one of the desired behaviors. Realign incentives and reward program to strengthen knowledge sharing Establish rituals / Annual events to strengthen knowledge sharing - “Team awards”, “Knowledge Fairs” etc. Stress on knowledge related behaviors in Performance Development Planning (PDP)
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26. The Traditional Vision of Supply Chain Constrained Itself to the Boundaries of an Organization Purchase Production Inventory / Warehousing Transportation SOURCE MAKE MOVE STORE SELL This approach was however inward looking
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28. A Supply Chain means more than physical flow of goods Physical Flow Fiscal Flow Information Flow Supply chain has 2 critical functions Physical function Market Mediation Function Ensure that the variety/ supplies match what customer wants to buy.
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Editor's Notes
2 Knowledge is the ability to transform information, experience and learning into effective action. Knowledge is of two types - explicit knowledge - which is easy to codify and document ( data bases, policy manuals, white papers etc.) and tacit knowledge which is informal, hard to catalogue, difficult to document in any detail. ( embedded in individual experience, past memories, and context. It involves personal belief, perspective, values, expertise and intuition.) We can know more than we can tell !! Embedded knowledge is the knowledge in our products and processes - “the way we do things”. It is the intersection of the tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge that creates learning.
In fact, we see a kind of evolution of knowledge management in many companies. The evolutionary stage mirrors itself in the investment behaviour of these companies. Into what knowledge activities do companies invest the most? 1. Most companies start by focusing on the knowledge they have and on the content of this knowledge. Here KM is mostly about locating and capturing knowledge. 2. With time, companies more strongly start to focus on new processes that enable the company to share knowledge across units and to create completely new knowledge assets. 3. The knowledge creation part is really the hardest challenge. Some scholars predict that within ten years knowledge creation will be the key factor distinguishing successful companies from less successful ones. Knowledge creation is really about enlarging both the explicit and the tacit part of the organisational knowledge. Knowledge creation should be fostered in order to reduce risk, increase efficiency and boost new innovations, leading to growth.
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Key issues 1. What is Knowledge? When we refer to knowledge, most of us mainly tend to think of the codified and documented knowledge like – patents, policy manuals, databases, white papers etc. While this "explicit knowledge” is important, what is even more important and value adding from the perspective of competitive advantage is the "tacit knowledge", which is embedded in the minds of people. This tacit knowledge is intuitive, contextual, linked to experience, past memories and is difficult to codify, document and communicate. It is estimated that this tacit knowledge constitutes between 70 and 80% of all knowledge in an organization and is difficult to identify, quantify and convert into real value, unless we adopt a structured approach to manage our knowledge. Knowledge driven organizations effectively leverage not just the explicit knowledge but also the tacit knowledge. 2. What is Knowledge Management? Sustainable competitive advantage a firm has comes from what it "collectively knows", how efficiently it uses what it knows and how readily it "acquires and uses new knowledge", in short by becoming a Knowledge Driven Organization. Knowledge Management (KM) provides an enabling framework to derive this advantage. It helps institutionalize processes to fully leverage the "collective knowledge" in an organization. Knowledge management (KM) is - "Learning, Sharing and leveraging the collective knowledge of our people”, for performance improvement. KM involves working in collaborative teams to learn, to share experiences, to develop and share best practices. 3. What are the Objectives of KM in HLL Strengthen innovation & Growth Protect functional & operational excellence in the category business unit structure. Capture cross category synergies. When KM becomes "the way we work", it will enhance the capability to deliver - growth, innovation, speed of response, quality of response, faster time to market, strengthen organizational learning, protect functional and operational excellence in a dis-aggregated organizational structure. 4.How to Practice Knowledge Management ? To practice KM we must put in place a few interventions - processes, practices and rituals to facilitate systematic activities for the creation and sharing of knowledge, to improve business performance. A. KM processes : Link people to people in collaborative teams ("excellence teams") to develop and share distilled learnings and best practices, and Link people to information / knowledge repositories at "functional knowledge centers / learning centers"to facilitate learning and re-use of knowledge. B. Information technology can be a great enabler for knowledge sharing. E-groups / (forums) and Intranets are currently being used by some teams in HLL for knowledge sharing. Case studies, stories and lessons learned reported as part of project completion reports are a few of the excellent ways we can capture the 'collective knowledge' for re-use. I C. How should we organize these "Excellence Teams" leverage our collective knowledge for business impact? 1. The team must establish a Charter, in the context of Business priorities and goals. The charter for sales team could include, for example - a. Deliver significant improvement in customer satisfaction. b. Retain our competitive advantage in distribution - both in the urban and rural markets , through - Key account management in urban markets and extending coverage in the rural markets, developing new channels. What should be the role of wholesale for various product categories / market segments? c. Skill upgradation / capability building - ASMs, TSIs as well as RS salesman - Selling skills, Merchandising skills, key account management skills etc. d. Is it desirable to adopt a balanced score card comprising of - sales growth, penetration, customer satisfaction etc.? e. Provide a supportive (Knowledge Sharing) Culture. 2. Agree the matrices to measure results. In the above example some of the matrices could include - RS / Retailer claims - absolute levels and reimbursement time, speed of replacement of damaged stocks, % of despatches to RSs on replinishment basis % of TSI 's time spent with retailers ( not RSs and C&FAs) growth in key accounts , share of market in key accounts, growth in new channels etc. average number of days spent on training for an ASM / TSI / RS salesman. 3. Measure progress against charter 5. Create an environment that is comfortable to the idea of openness, knowledge sharing, risk of failure as well as rewards for success. We must strengthen the knowledge sharing culture by endorsing and supporting appropriate behaviors. Discourage knowledge hoarding and recognize knowledge sharing.
“ The Integrated Management of all the linkages and value-adding activities from the supplier’s supplier to the customer’s customer in such a way that enhanced customer value is achieved at lower costs”. Key areas focussed in the traditional view of supply chain were : 1. The distribution network and costs 2. Allocation of products to plants 3. Conversion reliability & flexibility
Key Business Processes In Supply Chain: 1. Supplier Management and Sourcing (vendor partnership development, vendor rating/ quality maintenance/ MRP, supply negotiations, materials supply calling-off, materials transport/ vendor complaint handling etc.) 2. Materials management (receiving, storage,internal transport, reject handling etc.) 3. Operations planning (preparation of requirements plan, production plan, production scheduling, manufacturing instruction etc.) 4. Manufacturing 5. Finished product stock management (transport to warehouse, warehouse management, warehouse handling, order picking, dispatch / truck loading etc.) 6. Physical distribution( delivery planning, transport arrangements, delivery documentation, order dispatch, reject / recall procedures, distribution documents handling / checking etc.) 7. Invoicing( money collection, accounting / credit control) customer development( sales planning & forecasting, 8. sales field activities , sales & account management etc.) 9. Consumer development ( business getting - new product development, brand communication - advertising and promotion etc.)
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