Ukraine The story of the “Wild East”
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Presentation about the background of current problems in Ukraine, as of 22.01.2014
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Ukraine The story of the “Wild East”
- 1. Ukraine The story of the “Wild East” Urartu
- 2. R.I.P. Serhiy Nigoyan is among the first persons who were shot in Kyiv at the time of their demonstrations www.pravda.com.ua
- 3. Introduction Part 1 (Current presentation): Most known opposition activists/journalists: •What is Ukraine? •Georgiy Gongsdze •Yulia Tymoshenko (nee Yulia Grigyan) •Identity formation? •Savik Shuster (Shevelis Shusteris) – Historical insights •Mustafa Nayem •Serhiy Nigiyan Do this names sound Ukrainian? •Post-USSR times Part 2 (Video conference): •What is happening now in Ukraine? •Questions and Answers
- 4. Map of Europe Here is Ukraine wikipedia.org: San Jose (map), Hayden120 (retouch)
- 5. Ukraine, let’s compare Nord Sea Baltic Sea Ilmenau Venice Kyiv Odessa Azov Sea Crimea Back Sea Armenia Iran
- 6. Ukraine vs. Germany Ukraine Germany Area 603 km2 357 km2 Population (million) 44.84 80.58 GDP (PPP), USD 7 422 40 757 GDP (nominal), USD 3 862 45 925 One way bus ticket, EUR 0.2 2.0 Germany Ukraine 12 times!!!
- 7. What does “Ukraine” mean? Original name: Rus’ (Kyiv Rus’) Internationally: Ruthenia (Red, While, Black) First time mentioned as “Oukraina” in 1187 – Meaning “Borderland” People: Ruthenians, Rusyn - later: Cossacks, Ukrainians
- 8. Ukraine is mostly flat www.freeworldmaps.net
- 10. Ukraine is mostly flat www.freeworldmaps.net
- 12. Crimean yaila
- 13. Crimea
- 15. Typical landscape in Ukraine
- 16. Ukraine is mostly flat Dnipro river www.freeworldmaps.net
- 18. The Fortress of Kamyanets-Podilskyi commons.wikimedia.org: seleonov
- 23. The Swallow's Nest Castle www.eco-turizm.net: ecoturist
- 24. Soviet architecture Mother of the Motherland, Kyiv Statue of Lenin, Yalta
- 25. Climate of the country commons.wikipedia.org
- 26. Steppe
- 27. Climate of the country! commons.wikipedia.org
- 28. What is special about Ukraine? The widely accepted theory of the Proto-Indo-European homeland places it in Eastern Ukraine Proposed in 1950 Early w:Yamna culture (4000–3500 BC) About 2500 BC About 1000 BC wikipedia.org: Dbachmann
- 29. Genetic evidence of this theory Evidence of the Proposed Hypothesis found in 1999 Frequency distribution of R1a1a adapted from Underhill et al (2009) wikipedia.org: User:Hxseek
- 30. What else is special about Ukraine? against government It is known for its permanent demonstrations http://www.novayagazeta.ru: Evheniy Feldman
- 31. But we will talk about it later http://www.novayagazeta.ru: Evheniy Feldman
- 32. Couple words about the lost identity • Who is the modern day Ukrainian?
- 35. Traditional Ukrainian Clothes/Art/Music “Cossack Mamai”, XIX century
- 36. “Ukrainian peasant”, 1786 Serhii Vasylkivsky, “Sotnyk of Uman”
- 37. Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kyiv (1037) commons.wikipedia.org
- 38. Ukrainian Heritage Orthodox Church in Kyiv
- 39. Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra commons.wikipedia.org
- 40. Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra www.map.meta.ua: hronom
- 41. Traditional Ukrainian House wikipedia.org: Ievhen
- 43. The Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans, Chernivtsi
- 44. The Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans, Chernivtsi http://ridersontheglobe.com/stages/270: Unknown
- 45. Greek and Roman Heritage wikipedia.org: Andrei nacu
- 47. Greek temple in Chersoneses commons.wikimedia.org: Dmitry A. Mottl
- 48. Greek Amphitheatre in Chersoneses wikipedia.org: Kamelot
- 49. Genovese fortress in Sudak
- 50. Genovese temple in Sudak
- 51. Greeks and Armenians were deported from their homelands in 18th century!
- 52. German settlements in Ukraine
- 53. Remains of the “Kingdom of Gothia”
- 62. Germans were deported from their homelands during 20th century!!!
- 63. Jewish communities in Ukraine
- 64. Jewish population of Eastern Europe, about 1900
- 65. Jewish population change after 1945 1939 – 2.72 million 1945 – 0.84 million 2010 – 0.07 million
- 66. Jews were killed and the survivors had no chance but to leave their homeland during 20th century!!!
- 67. Turkish people of Ukraine
- 69. Tatar cultural heritage The Big Khan Mosque, 1532 Mosque in Mariupol, 2010
- 71. Tatar cultural heritage Page from the medieval Koran
- 72. Medieval Muslim Cemetery in Crimea
- 73. The siege of Ismail, 1790
- 74. Crimea Tatars were deported in 1945
- 75. On the way to the lost Identity • • • • • • • • • • Deportation of Greeks and Armenians (18 cent.) Liquidation of Cossacks (18 cent.) German resettlement (18 cent.) Serbo-Croatian resettlement (18 cent.) Deportation of Nogai people (19 cent.) Holodomor (a man-made famine, 1932-1933) Holocaust (1941-1943) Deportation of Crimean Tatar and Germans (1945) Polish-Ukrainian population exchange (1947) Return of Crimean Tatars (1989 – now)
- 76. • Empty settlements were resettled/colonized by new people (mostly Ukrainians) • New people had no interest in the past history of their new homelands • It was during the time of a strong influence of Russian empire/USSR People have lost their identity and understanding of the homeland
- 77. Some statistics and facts
- 78. Ukrainian population in Russian Empire, 1897 Wikimedia Commons
- 79. The dominant ethnicity by population, 1897 wikipedia.org: User Tovel
- 80. The dominant ethnicity in urban areas by population, 1897 wikipedia.org: User Tovel
- 81. Nobility in Ukraine, 1897 wikipedia.org: User Tovel
- 83. Modern Ukraine • Independence from the USSR: 1991 – Economical collapse – Cultural recovery Dilemma of the lost identity • No responsibility corruption • Three key freedoms: 1.Personal freedom 2.Economical freedom 3.Social responsibility
- 84. Freedom 1: Personal freedom • Achieved • As a result of the collapse of USSR • Cultural recovery, starting from Perestroika (end of 1980s) – End of political repressions – Return of deported nations (Crimean Tatars) – End of religious and cultural repressions – Freedom of Mass media
- 85. Socio-cultural recovery: Ethno-style restaurant in the countryside
- 86. Socio-cultural recovery: Ethno-style restaurant in the countryside
- 87. Socio-cultural recovery: The Sviatohirsk Lavra
- 88. St. Michael's cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine wikimedia.org/Petar Milošević
- 90. Socio-cultural recovery: Modern Tatar architecture
- 91. Socio-cultural Recoveryin Donetsk region Mosque Catholic Cathedral in Kamyanets
- 92. Pilgrimage to the founder’s of Chasidism tomb in Uman’
- 93. Time of pilgrimage in Uman’
- 94. Restoration of the Karaite minority temple
- 95. Socio-cultural recovery: Vietnam Buddhist Temple
- 96. Socio-cultural recovery: “Donbas Arena”, Donetsk GdeFon.com
- 97. Freedom 2: Economical freedom • Failed (from 1991 until 2000) • As a result of the collapse of USSR • No state owner no responsibility – Corruption – Mafia and Oligarchs • No interest in “Freedom 3” as long as life is survival – Need for a “strong” leader 1. 2. 3. Personal freedom Economical freedom Social responsibility
- 98. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) GDP real annual growth rate since 1990 President Kuchma was selected
- 99. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) • Start of recovery (from 2000 until 2004) • Interest in “Freedom 3” – Life not survival anymore – Need for elimination of corruption – Thoughts about fair future (Western vs. Post Soviet) 1. 2. 3. Personal freedom Economical freedom Social responsibility
- 100. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) GDP real annual growth rate since 1990 President Kuchma was selected Orange revolution First demonstrations against the President (Kuchma)
- 101. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) • Recovery failed (from 2005 until 2009) • From 2008 (world economic crisis) – no more interest in “Freedom 3” – Life is survival again – Need for a strong leader – Yanukovych wins fair presidential elections 1. 2. 3. Personal freedom Economical freedom Social responsibility
- 102. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) GDP real annual growth rate since 1990 ? President Kuchma was selected Orange revolution First demonstrations against Yanukovych First demonstrations against the President (Kuchma) President Yanukovych was selected
- 103. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) • Recovery failed (from 2010 until now) • Economy recovered from the crisis – Interest in “Freedom 3” again – Need for elimination of corruption – Thoughts about fair future (EU vs. Post Soviet) 1. 2. 3. Personal freedom Economical freedom Social responsibility
- 104. Freedom 2: Economical freedom (against corruption) GDP real annual growth rate since 1990 ? President Kuchma was selected Orange revolution First demonstrations against Yanukovych First demonstrations against the President (Kuchma) President Yanukovych was selected
- 105. Ukrainian dilemma Western Ukraine: life in EU is much better Eastern Ukraine: life in Custom Union is much better Poland Russia Belarus Ukraine
- 106. As a result: Social collapse Independence of Ukraine wikipedia.org: LokiiT
- 107. Typical sub-urban life in Ukraine
- 108. Typical sub-urban life in Ukraine
- 109. Typical sub-urban life in Ukraine
- 110. Typical sub-urban life in Ukraine
- 111. Typical sub-urban life in Ukraine
- 112. Typical sub-urban life in Ukraine
- 113. End of November Beginning as a peaceful demonstration Simple demand: EU integration news.liga.net
- 114. November, 30th The dispersal of protesters by government www.forbes.ru: AFP/East-News
- 116. The response form the government
- 117. The response form the government