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CCoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff MMeecchhaanniiccaall 
EEnneerrggyy 
66..55
MMeecchhaanniiccaall EEnneerrggyy 
KKEE aanndd PPEE == ttoottaall mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy 
EE == KKEE ++ PPEE 
AAccttuuaallllyy tthheerree aarree ootthheerr ffoorrmmss ooff eenneerrggyy ttoo iinncclluuddee,, 
bbuutt wwee hhaavveenn’’tt mmeett tthheemm yyeett iinn tthhee bbooookk
WWoorrkk EEnneerrggyy TThheeoorreemm ((aaggaaiinn)) 
WWnncc == ((KKEEff –– KKEE00)) ++ ((PPEEff –– PPEE00)) 
RReeaarrrraannggee 
WWnncc == ((KKEEff ++ PPEEff)) –– ((KKEE00 ++ PPEE00)) 
WWnncc == EEff –– EE00 
NNoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess cchhaannggee tthhee ttoottaall 
mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy ooff tthhee ssyysstteemm
WWnncc == 00 
WWnncc == EEff –– EE00 
IIff WWnncc == 00 lliikkee iiff ffrriiccttiioonn oorr aaiirr rreessiissttaannccee iiss 
nneegglliiggiibbllee 
00 == EEff –– EE00 
EEff == EE00 
IIff aallll ffoorrcceess aarree ccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee,, tthheenn tthhee ttoottaall 
mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy ddooeess nnoott cchhaannggee
Conservation ooff MMeecchhaanniiccaall EEnneerrggyy 
IIff tthheerree iiss nnoo wwoorrkk ddoonnee bbyy 
nnoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess 
TToottaall mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy iiss ccoonnssttaanntt 
KKEE00 ++ PPEE00 == KKEEff ++ PPEEff
EExxaammppllee 11 
AA ccyycclliisstt aapppprrooaacchheess tthhee bboottttoomm ooff aa 
ggrraadduuaall hhiillll aatt aa ssppeeeedd ooff 1111 mm//ss.. TThhee hhiillll 
iiss 55..00 mm hhiigghh,, aanndd tthhee ccyycclliisstt eessttiimmaatteess 
tthhaatt sshhee iiss ggooiinngg ffaasstt eennoouugghh ttoo ccooaasstt uupp 
aanndd oovveerr iitt wwiitthhoouutt ppeeddaalliinngg.. IIggnnoorriinngg aaiirr 
rreessiissttaannccee aanndd ffrriiccttiioonn,, ffiinndd tthhee ssppeeeedd aatt 
wwhhiicchh tthhee ccyycclliisstt ccrreessttss tthhee hhiillll.. 
vv == 44..88 mm//ss
EExxaammppllee 22 
AA sslliinnggsshhoott ffiirreess aa ppeebbbbllee ffrroomm tthhee ttoopp ooff aa 
bbuuiillddiinngg aatt aa ssppeeeedd ooff 1144..00 mm//ss.. TThhee 
bbuuiillddiinngg iiss 3311..00 mm ttaallll.. IIggnnoorriinngg aaiirr 
rreessiissttaannccee,, ffiinndd tthhee ssppeeeedd wwiitthh wwhhiicchh tthhee 
ppeebbbbllee ssttrriikkeess tthhee ggrroouunndd wwhheenn tthhee ppeebbbbllee 
iiss ffiirreedd ((aa)) hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy,, ((bb)) vveerrttiiccaallllyy 
ssttrraaiigghhtt uupp,, aanndd ((cc)) vveerrttiiccaallllyy ssttrraaiigghhtt 
ddoowwnn.. 
vv == 2288..33 mm//ss
CCoonncceeppttuuaall EExxaammppllee 
AA rrooppee iiss ttiieedd ttoo aa ttrreeee lliimmbb aanndd uusseedd bbyy aa 
sswwiimmmmeerr ttoo sswwiinngg iinnttoo tthhee wwaatteerr bbeellooww.. 
TThhee ppeerrssoonn ssttaarrttss ffrroomm rreesstt wwiitthh tthhee rrooppee 
hheelldd iinn tthhee hhoorriizzoonnttaall ppoossiittiioonn,, sswwiinnggss 
ddoowwnn aanndd tthheenn lleettss ggoo ooff tthhee rrooppee.. TThhrreeee 
ffoorrcceess aacctt oonn hhiimm;; WW,, TT,, aanndd aaiirr 
rreessiissttaannccee.. CCaann ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff 
mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy bbee uusseedd ttoo ffiinndd tthhee 
ssppeeeedd wwhheenn hhee lleettss ggoo ooff tthhee rrooppee??
CCoonncceeppttuuaall EExxaammppllee 
IInn oorrddeerr ttoo uussee ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff mmeecchhaanniiccaall 
eenneerrggyy,, WWnncc == 00 
NNoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrccee iinn eexxaammppllee 
TTeennssiioonn  ppeerrppeennddiiccuullaarr ttoo tthhee mmoottiioonn ssoo WW == 00 
AAiirr RReessiissttaannccee  ooppppoossiittee aanndd ppaarraalllleell ttoo mmoottiioonn 
– WWoorrkk ddooeess nnoott eeqquuaall 00 
CCaannnnoott uussee ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff MMEE
RReeaassoonniinngg SSttrraatteeggyy ffoorr 
CCoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff MMEE 
IIddeennttiiffyy tthhee eexxtteerrnnaall ccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee aanndd 
nnoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess tthhaatt aacctt oonn tthhee 
oobbjjeecctt.. FFoorr tthhiiss pprriinncciippllee ttoo aappppllyy,, tthhee ttoottaall 
wwoorrkk ddoonnee bbyy nnoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess 
mmuusstt bbee zzeerroo.. 
CChhoooossee tthhee llooccaattiioonn wwhheerree tthhee PPEE iiss ttaakkeenn 
ttoo bbee zzeerroo.. 
SSeett tthhee ffiinnaall ttoottaall MMEE eeqquuaall ttoo tthhee iinniittiiaall 
ttoottaall MMEE..
PPrraaccttiiccee WWoorrkk 
DDoonn’’tt ccoonnsseerrvvee eenneerrggyy ttoo ssoollvvee tthheessee 
pprroobblleemmss!! 
117744 CCQQ 1122 –– 1144,, PP 3344 –– 3366,, 3388,, 4400,, 4411 
TToottaall 99 pprroobblleemmss

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Physics report

  • 2. MMeecchhaanniiccaall EEnneerrggyy KKEE aanndd PPEE == ttoottaall mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy EE == KKEE ++ PPEE AAccttuuaallllyy tthheerree aarree ootthheerr ffoorrmmss ooff eenneerrggyy ttoo iinncclluuddee,, bbuutt wwee hhaavveenn’’tt mmeett tthheemm yyeett iinn tthhee bbooookk
  • 3. WWoorrkk EEnneerrggyy TThheeoorreemm ((aaggaaiinn)) WWnncc == ((KKEEff –– KKEE00)) ++ ((PPEEff –– PPEE00)) RReeaarrrraannggee WWnncc == ((KKEEff ++ PPEEff)) –– ((KKEE00 ++ PPEE00)) WWnncc == EEff –– EE00 NNoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess cchhaannggee tthhee ttoottaall mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy ooff tthhee ssyysstteemm
  • 4. WWnncc == 00 WWnncc == EEff –– EE00 IIff WWnncc == 00 lliikkee iiff ffrriiccttiioonn oorr aaiirr rreessiissttaannccee iiss nneegglliiggiibbllee 00 == EEff –– EE00 EEff == EE00 IIff aallll ffoorrcceess aarree ccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee,, tthheenn tthhee ttoottaall mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy ddooeess nnoott cchhaannggee
  • 5. Conservation ooff MMeecchhaanniiccaall EEnneerrggyy IIff tthheerree iiss nnoo wwoorrkk ddoonnee bbyy nnoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess TToottaall mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy iiss ccoonnssttaanntt KKEE00 ++ PPEE00 == KKEEff ++ PPEEff
  • 6. EExxaammppllee 11 AA ccyycclliisstt aapppprrooaacchheess tthhee bboottttoomm ooff aa ggrraadduuaall hhiillll aatt aa ssppeeeedd ooff 1111 mm//ss.. TThhee hhiillll iiss 55..00 mm hhiigghh,, aanndd tthhee ccyycclliisstt eessttiimmaatteess tthhaatt sshhee iiss ggooiinngg ffaasstt eennoouugghh ttoo ccooaasstt uupp aanndd oovveerr iitt wwiitthhoouutt ppeeddaalliinngg.. IIggnnoorriinngg aaiirr rreessiissttaannccee aanndd ffrriiccttiioonn,, ffiinndd tthhee ssppeeeedd aatt wwhhiicchh tthhee ccyycclliisstt ccrreessttss tthhee hhiillll.. vv == 44..88 mm//ss
  • 7. EExxaammppllee 22 AA sslliinnggsshhoott ffiirreess aa ppeebbbbllee ffrroomm tthhee ttoopp ooff aa bbuuiillddiinngg aatt aa ssppeeeedd ooff 1144..00 mm//ss.. TThhee bbuuiillddiinngg iiss 3311..00 mm ttaallll.. IIggnnoorriinngg aaiirr rreessiissttaannccee,, ffiinndd tthhee ssppeeeedd wwiitthh wwhhiicchh tthhee ppeebbbbllee ssttrriikkeess tthhee ggrroouunndd wwhheenn tthhee ppeebbbbllee iiss ffiirreedd ((aa)) hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy,, ((bb)) vveerrttiiccaallllyy ssttrraaiigghhtt uupp,, aanndd ((cc)) vveerrttiiccaallllyy ssttrraaiigghhtt ddoowwnn.. vv == 2288..33 mm//ss
  • 8. CCoonncceeppttuuaall EExxaammppllee AA rrooppee iiss ttiieedd ttoo aa ttrreeee lliimmbb aanndd uusseedd bbyy aa sswwiimmmmeerr ttoo sswwiinngg iinnttoo tthhee wwaatteerr bbeellooww.. TThhee ppeerrssoonn ssttaarrttss ffrroomm rreesstt wwiitthh tthhee rrooppee hheelldd iinn tthhee hhoorriizzoonnttaall ppoossiittiioonn,, sswwiinnggss ddoowwnn aanndd tthheenn lleettss ggoo ooff tthhee rrooppee.. TThhrreeee ffoorrcceess aacctt oonn hhiimm;; WW,, TT,, aanndd aaiirr rreessiissttaannccee.. CCaann ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy bbee uusseedd ttoo ffiinndd tthhee ssppeeeedd wwhheenn hhee lleettss ggoo ooff tthhee rrooppee??
  • 9. CCoonncceeppttuuaall EExxaammppllee IInn oorrddeerr ttoo uussee ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff mmeecchhaanniiccaall eenneerrggyy,, WWnncc == 00 NNoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrccee iinn eexxaammppllee TTeennssiioonn  ppeerrppeennddiiccuullaarr ttoo tthhee mmoottiioonn ssoo WW == 00 AAiirr RReessiissttaannccee  ooppppoossiittee aanndd ppaarraalllleell ttoo mmoottiioonn – WWoorrkk ddooeess nnoott eeqquuaall 00 CCaannnnoott uussee ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff MMEE
  • 10. RReeaassoonniinngg SSttrraatteeggyy ffoorr CCoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff MMEE IIddeennttiiffyy tthhee eexxtteerrnnaall ccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee aanndd nnoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess tthhaatt aacctt oonn tthhee oobbjjeecctt.. FFoorr tthhiiss pprriinncciippllee ttoo aappppllyy,, tthhee ttoottaall wwoorrkk ddoonnee bbyy nnoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee ffoorrcceess mmuusstt bbee zzeerroo.. CChhoooossee tthhee llooccaattiioonn wwhheerree tthhee PPEE iiss ttaakkeenn ttoo bbee zzeerroo.. SSeett tthhee ffiinnaall ttoottaall MMEE eeqquuaall ttoo tthhee iinniittiiaall ttoottaall MMEE..
  • 11. PPrraaccttiiccee WWoorrkk DDoonn’’tt ccoonnsseerrvvee eenneerrggyy ttoo ssoollvvee tthheessee pprroobblleemmss!! 117744 CCQQ 1122 –– 1144,, PP 3344 –– 3366,, 3388,, 4400,, 4411 TToottaall 99 pprroobblleemmss

Editor's Notes

  1. Ef = E0 KEf + PEf = KE0 + PE0 ½ mv2 + mgh = ½ mv2 + mgh ½ v2 + gh = ½ v2 + gh ½ (11 m/s)2 + (9.8 m/s2)(0 m) = ½ v2 + (9.8 m/s2)(5.0 m) 60.5 (m/s)2 = ½ v2 + 49 (m/s)2 11.5 (m/s)2 = ½ v2 23 (m/s)2 = v2 4.8 m/s = v
  2. Ef = E0 KEf + PEf = KE0 + PE0 ½ mv2 + mgh = ½ mv2 + mgh ½ v2 + gh = ½ v2 + gh ½ (14.0 m/s)2 + (9.8 m/s2)(31.0 m) = ½ v2 + (9.8 m/s2)(0 m) 98 (m/s)2 + 303.8 (m/s)2 = ½ v2 401.8 (m/s)2 = ½ v2 803.6 (m/s)2 = v2 28.3 m/s = v
  3. Insert figure 6.19
  4. However, since the air resistance is small, you can usually say that the air resistance is negligible.