Tan Tao University

1. HUYNH TRONG AN
PHAM NHAT TIN

2. OUTLINE
1. DEFINITION
2. CAUSE
3. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
4. DIAGNOSIS
5. TREATMENT
6. COMPLICATIONS
7. PREVENTION
8. PROGNOSIS

3. 1. DEFINITION
 AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-
threatening condition caused by the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
By damaging your immune system, HIV
interferes with your body's ability to
fight the organisms that cause disease
 HIV is a sexually transmitted
infection. It can also be spread by
contact with infected blood, or from
mother to child during pregnancy,
childbirth or breast-feeding

4. 2. SYMPTOM
Symptoms of HIV infection appear 2 to 12
weeks after exposure
As the virus continues to multiply and destroy
immune cells, you may develop mild infections or
chronic symptoms such as:
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes —
often one of the first signs of HIV infection
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Cough and shortness of breath

5. 3. CAUSE
Scientists believe a virus similar to HIV first occurred in some
populations of chimps and monkeys in Africa, where they're hunted
for food. Contact with an infected monkey's blood during butchering
or cooking may have allowed the virus to cross into humans and
become HIV.

6. 3. CAUSE (CONT)
• The virus enters the immune system’s CD4 cells, which protect the
body against various bacteria, viruses and other germs.
• It uses the CD4 cells to make thousands of copies of itself. These
copies then leave the CD4 cells, killing them in the process.
• This process continues until eventually the number of CD4 cells,
also called your CD4 count, drops so low that your immune system
stops working.

7. 4. DIAGNOSIS
• HIV is most commonly diagnosed by testing your blood or saliva for the
presence of antibodies to the virus
• Your doctor might also order lab tests to check for other infections or
complications, including:
 Tuberculosis
 Hepatitis
 Toxoplasmosis
 Sexually transmitted infections
 Liver or kidney damage
 Urinary tract infection

8. 5. TREATMENT
• There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, but a variety of drugs can be used in
combination to control the virus
• It's best to combine at least three drugs from two different classes to avoid
creating strains of HIV that are immune to single drugs
 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
 Protease inhibitors (PIs)
 Entry or fusion inhibitors
 Integrase inhibitors

9. Treatment can be difficult
HIV treatment regimens may involve taking multiple pills at
specific times every day for the rest of your life
 Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
 Abnormal heartbeats
 Shortness of breath
 Skin rash
 Weakened bones
 Bone death, particularly in the hip joints
Skin rash

10. Co-disease and co-treatment
Contraceptives and
hormones for
women
Medications for the
treatment of
tuberculosis
Drugs to treat
hepatitis C

11. Treatment response
• Your response to any treatment is measured by your viral load and
CD4 counts.
 Viral load should be tested at the start of treatment and
then every three to four months during therapy
 CD4 counts should be checked every three to six months
• HIV treatment should reduce your viral load to the point that it's
undetectable
• That doesn't mean your HIV is gone. It just means that the test
isn't sensitive enough to detect it

12. 6. COMPLICATIONS
• Infection
 Tuberculosis (TB)
 Candidiasis
 Cryptosporidiosis …….
• Cancer
 Kaposi's sarcoma
 Lymphomas
• Other
 Wasting syndrome
 Neurological complications
 Kidney disease
Kaposi's sarcoma Candidiasis
Lymphomas Wasting syndrome

13. 7. PREVENTION
• There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS
• To help prevent the spread of HIV
 Sexual contact
 Blood
 From mother to baby
HIV is not passed on through:
• kissing
• spitting
• being bitten
• contact with unbroken, healthy skin
• being sneezed on
• sharing baths, towels or cutlery
• using the same toilets and swimming pools
• mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
• contact with animals or insects such as
mosquitoes

14. 8. PROGNOSIS
 Cooperation Research and Design Aids North America and the Center for
HIV / AIDS British Columbia confirmed that if a 20 year old HIV positive
method antiretroviral therapy (ART) will probably live to be 70 years old
- that is the meaning of life achieved with the average life expectancy of
Americans
 Ekaterina Dadachova, Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, New
York, have been trying to find out whether the method uses high doses of
radiation may be more effective, and the results show very encouraging.
Research has announced the patients treated with a combination of
antiviral drugs and radiation have better results and found that no HIV
virus in their bodies
Process slowly: more than 10
years
Process averagely : 5-7 years
Process fast : 2-3 years.

15. HAVE A NICE DAY