Tan Tao University

1. HEART FAILURE
(HF)

2. Đinh Trần Xuân Trường
Nguyễn Ngọc Tú Quỳnh
Trần Thanh Tuấn
Trần Triển
Ngô Trung
Huỳnh Trọng Ân
Huỳnh An Khang
Đỗ Nhật Minh Trực
Nguyễn Hoàng Phi Yến
Members

3. 1. Anatomy
2. Definition
3. Mechanism and Etiology
4. Classification
5. Signs and Symptoms
6. Management
7. Considerations
8. Discussion
Layout

4. Anatomy
 The heart is located in the
chest between the lungs
behind the sternum and
above the diaphragm.
 It is surrounded by the
pericardium.

5. Definition

6. Mechanism and Etiology
Myocardial
Disease
Cardiac
Output
SNS
HR
Contractility
vasoconstriction
RAAS
Vasoconstriction
Na/H20
Retention
Ventricular
remolding
Cardiac
workload

7. Mechanism and Etiology Heart failure occurs because the heart muscle is damaged.
 It has many causes, the most common being :
 Coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly a past heart attack
 Abnormally high blood pressure (hypertension)
 As CHD is the most common cause of heart failure, major risk factors for CHD also
increase the risk of heart failure. These include:
 Abnormally high cholesterol levels (hyperlipidemia)
 Smoking
 Hypertension
 Diabetes
 Obesity

8. Classification
 Onset:
Acute heart failure
Chronic heart failure
 Affected side of the heart :
Left heart failure
Right heart failure
Or:
Systolic dysfunction
Diastolic dysfunction

9. Classification

10. Classification

11. What Are The Symptoms of Heart Failure? Think FACES ...
 Fatigue
 Activities limited
 Chest congestion
 Edema or ankle swelling
 Shortness of breath
Symptoms

12. Left sided heart failure
 Dyspnea on exertion
 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
 Tachycardia
 Cough
 Hemoptysis
Symptoms

13. Right sided heart failure
 Abdominal Pain
 Anorexia
 Nausea
 Bloating
 Swelling
Symptoms

14. Management
14
 Reduce the respiratory and cardiac workload
 Reduce agitation of patient
 Induce diruresis & vasodilatation
 Reduce respiratory rate
 Decrease heart rate
 Establish the cause and treat

15. Management
15
Myocardial
dysfunction
Increased
load
Neurohormonal
activation
Cardiomyocyte
dysfunction
Cell Death
Heart failure
Therapy of HF
Drug therapy
Gene therapy
Cell
transplantation
Heart
transplantation
Drug
therapy

16. Clinic – based service:
This involves the establishment of a specific heart failure clinic that is
usually situated in the hospital outpatient department.
Follow-up after hospitalisation
Home – based service :
”The Heart Manual”
A home-based programme for low- to moderate-risk patients
Hybrid service :
Comprising home plus clinic-based follow-up.
Management

17. Consideration
Non – Pharmacologic
Diet
• Alcohol
• Smoking
Exercise
Cardiac rehab
Palliative Services
Social Support
Pharmacologic
ACE-Inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Spironolactone
Diuretics
Digoxin

18. Discussion